Abstract: This disclosure relates to a banknote validator. The banknote validator comprises a banknote path disposed within an interior of the banknote validator, the banknote path including a banknote imaging zone, one or more banknote edge detection surfaces each configured to provide images of edges of a banknote in the banknote path, a banknote imaging sensor configured to provide an image of at least one portion of the banknote imaging zone, and an image sensor configured to capture the images of the edges of the banknote provided by the one or more banknote edge detection surfaces, and capture the image of the at least one portion of the banknote imaging zone provided by the banknote imaging sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a banknote validator. The banknote validator comprises a banknote path formed within an interior of the banknote validator to transport a banknote from an opening of the banknote path through the interior of the banknote validator, one or more banknote edge detection surfaces each configured to provide images of edges of a banknote in the banknote path, an image sensor configured to capture the images of the edges of the banknote provided by the one or more banknote edge detection surfaces, a steerable drive wheel at least partially disposed within the banknote path, the steerable drive wheel operable to reorient a banknote in the banknote path, and the steerable drive wheel operable to move from a first position to a second position to angle the steerable drive wheel in relation to the banknote path.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a banknote validator. The banknote validator comprises a banknote path formed within an interior of the banknote validator to transport a banknote from an opening of the banknote path through an interior of the banknote validator, a banknote imaging zone defined within a portion of the banknote path, the banknote imaging zone including a reflective region in a first portion of the banknote imaging zone, and a dark region in a second portion of the banknote imaging zone, and an image sensor configured to capture one or more images of at least a portion of the banknote imaging zone.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a banknote validator. The banknote validator comprises a banknote path formed within an interior of the banknote validator to transport a banknote from an opening of the banknote path through an interior of the banknote validator, a banknote imaging zone defined within a portion of the banknote path, the banknote imaging zone including a reflective region in a first portion of the banknote imaging zone, and a dark region in a second portion of the banknote imaging zone, and an image sensor configured to capture one or more images of at least a portion of the banknote imaging zone.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a banknote validator. The banknote validator comprises a banknote path disposed within an interior of the banknote validator, the banknote path including a banknote imaging zone, one or more banknote edge detection surfaces each configured to provide images of edges of a banknote in the banknote path, a banknote imaging sensor configured to provide an image of at least one portion of the banknote imaging zone, and an image sensor configured to capture the images of the edges of the banknote provided by the one or more banknote edge detection surfaces, and capture the image of the at least one portion of the banknote imaging zone provided by the banknote imaging sensor.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a banknote validator. The banknote validator comprises a banknote path formed within an interior of the banknote validator to transport a banknote from an opening of the banknote path through the interior of the banknote validator, one or more banknote edge detection surfaces each configured to provide images of edges of a banknote in the banknote path, an image sensor configured to capture the images of the edges of the banknote provided by the one or more banknote edge detection surfaces, a steerable drive wheel at least partially disposed within the banknote path, the steerable drive wheel operable to reorient a banknote in the banknote path, and the steerable drive wheel operable to move from a first position to a second position to angle the steerable drive wheel in relation to the banknote path.

Abstract: Characterizing an item of currency employs a validation apparatus that includes at least three specified light sources for illuminating the item of currency. Each of the specified light sources has an emission spectrum similar to an approximating function for reconstructing a predetermined set of spectrum. At least one receiver receives light emitting from the at least three specified light sources. A transportation unit transports the item of currency within the validation apparatus. The light received by the receiver is at least one of light reflected by or light transmitted through the item of currency.

Abstract: In one aspect, a validation apparatus comprises a light source capable of emitting a broadband spectrum of light for illuminating an item of currency. The validation apparatus also includes a receiver configured to receive light emitted from the light source. In another aspect, the validation apparatus also includes a transportation unit configured to transport the item of currency within the validation apparatus. In a further aspect, the validation apparatus also includes a processor configured to reconstruct a spectral response of the item of current. In this design, the light received by the receiver comprises at least a portion of light reflected by or transmitted through the item of currency.

Abstract: A method of deriving a classifier for classifying items using a plurality of variables for characteristics of the items, the method comprising determining a representative subset of the variables for use in said classifier.

Abstract: A reference data set used for classifying items of currency is established by obtaining at least one measured response from at least one known item of currency, projecting the measured response data from the known item of currency from a first space to a second space, and applying a reduction technique to the second space thereby reducing the complexity of the second space. The reference data set, which can be used for classifying items of currency, is thus represented by a subset of all measured responses obtained from the known item of currency.

Abstract: Characterizing an item of currency employs a validation apparatus that includes at least three specified light sources for illuminating the item of currency. Each of the specified light sources has an emission spectrum similar to an approximating function for reconstructing a predetermined set of spectrum. At least one receiver receives light emitting from the at least three specified light sources. A transportation unit transports the item of currency within the validation apparatus. The light received by the receiver is at least one of light reflected by or light transmitted through the item of currency.

Abstract: An unknown item of currency is compared to at least one known item of currency by evaluating the spectral response of the unknown item of currency. A spectral response is obtained from the unknown item of currency, and the spectral response of the unknown item of currency is separated into a first component and a second component. At least one component of the spectral response of the unknown item of currency is compared to at least one component of the spectral response of at least one known item of currency having a specific denomination. A determination is made as to whether the unknown item on currency is a member of the class of the at least one known item of currency.

Abstract: A reference data set used for classifying items of currency is established by obtaining at least one measured response from at least one known item of currency, projecting the measured response data from the known item of currency from a first space to a second space, and applying a reduction technique to the second space thereby reducing the complexity of the second space. The reference data set, which can be used for classifying items of currency, is thus represented by a subset of all measured responses obtained from the known item of currency.

Abstract: A method of testing a document comprises deriving a plurality of measurements from the document at a resolution R and processing the measurements to derive values at a different resolution.

Abstract: A method of deriving a classifier for classifying items using a plurality of variables for characteristics of the items, the method comprising determining a representative subset of the variables for use in said classifier.

Abstract: A method of testing a document comprises deriving a plurality of measurements from the document at a resolution R and processing the measurements to derive values at a different resolution.

Abstract: A method of classifying an item of currency using a currency tester comprises sensing variable characteristics of a currency item and deriving a data vector (X) using values of the sensed characteristics, and transforming the data vector so that the variables represented by at least first and second sets of components (Y1, Y2) of the transformed vector are substantially independent, so that the mahalanobis distance of X is substantially equivalent to the sum of the mahalanobis distances of the components (Y1, Y2), and calculating a mahalanobis distance in at least two parts using said first and second sets of components.

Abstract: A method of deriving a classifying function for classifying items of currency includes deriving a plurality of measurements from at least one currency sensor and a plurality of currency items, and forming a set of data from the measurements, the elements of the data set corresponding to points in a first space, and determining a set of values corresponding to the measured values. The method also includes selecting a kernel function corresponding to a mapping of the first space to a second space, the method including deriving an expression representing the function of the measured values in terms of the kernel function and using it to derive a classifying function.

Abstract: A method of classifying an item of currency using a currency tester comprises sensing variable characteristics of a currency item and deriving a data vector (X) using values of the sensed characteristics, and transforming the data vector so that the variables represented by at least first and second sets of components (Y1, Y2) of the transformed vector are substantially independent, so that the mahalanobis distance of X is substantially equivalent to the sum of the mahalanobis distances of the components (Y1, Y2), and calculating a mahalanobis distance in at least two parts using said first and second sets of components.