Abstract: A process for manufacturing an aneurysm clip (10) having a coil spring (22), a first arm (26) ending in a first clamping jaw, and a second arm (34) ending in a second clamping jaw (40). The method includes: (a) providing a cylindrical starting rod (1) of titanium or titanium alloy; (b) cold drawing the rod to reduce its diameter and increase its strength; (c) cutting the rod to form a single resilient member (12); (d) winding the member about a mandrel to form the coil spring while incorporating the deflection of the arms into the clamping force of the clip; (e) shaping the member into two end sections (16) forming the clamping jaws and two connecting sections (18) forming connecting elements for the jaws; (f) coining the two end sections of the member a temperature between 900 and 1000 degrees F.; and (g) bending the clamping jaws into a position assuring that the clamping jaws are parallel when clamped onto tissue (70).

Abstract: A system for clipping an aneurysm which includes an aneurysm clip and an applicator that allows improved visual control during application. The aneurysm clip has a unitary, integral, cantilever spring and a unitary, integral, rigid ring. The cantilever spring has two arms, open in the unbiased position, provides a spring force, and defines the clipping force of the aneurysm clip. The cantilever spring also includes bulges positioned on the outer surface of the arms and a bend at the ends of the arms. The rigid ring slips over the arms, is retained by the bulges, and forces the arms together. The applicator includes a first leg including a pin adapted to engage the bend of the cantilever spring of the aneurysm clip and a second leg movable relative to the first leg which includes structure for engaging the rigid ring of the aneurysm clip. A scissoring or squeezing motion of the applicator handle moves the arms to slide the rigid ring on and off the arms of the cantilever spring of the aneurysm clip.

Abstract: A surgical clip formed from a continuous, resilient member and having a coil spring and two arms supporting clamping jaws. The coil spring forces the clamping jaws together. One arm has a guide section, through which the guided element of the second arm extends, to guide and restrict movement of the second arm, thereby correctly engaging the clamping jaws.

Abstract: A gas sensor comprises a photovoltaic cell which, upon exposure to light, develops a photovoltage or photocurrent which varies as a function of the type of gas sorbed. The cell includes in order a conductor, an N-type light-absorbing semiconductor, and a thin light-transmitting gas-absorbing metal Schottky layer having electrical properties which vary with the type of gas sorbed therein.

Abstract: An improved cerebral aneurysm clip fabricated from titanium or titanium alloys and utilizing a guide member consisting of a straight wire-like bridging guide secured across a U-shaped bend formed in one or both of the two cross arms of the aneurysm clip. The aneurysm clip is fabricated from a single, elongated resilient member of titanium or titanium alloy coiled at an intermediate portion to form a coil spring for normally urging the clamping arms of the clip together in a resilient manner. The clip further consists of two forearm sections extending outwardly and away from the coil spring in the direction of the clamping arms of the clip with the forearm sections terminating in inwardly bent first elbow portions that support respective cross arm sections.

Abstract: Photovoltaic generator, comprised of photovoltaic amorphous lead dioxide with an oxygen to lead ratio in the range of 1.66 to 1.99, and having rectifying and ohmic junctions therewith. Said lead dioxide may be formed by electrodeposition on substrates, such as copper, nickel, stainless steel, carbon, brass, stannic oxide, indium oxide, and gold plated copper or brass, and generally provides an ohmic junction with the substrate. A rectifying photovoltaic junction of the Schottky barrier type is formed by overcoating the lead oxide with one or more of an evaporated, sputtered or ion plated film of copper, aluminum, Inconel.sup.1, nickel, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel oxide, titanium, titanium oxide, and copper oxide..sup.1 Trademark of International Nickel Co. Inc.

Abstract: Solar energy collector surface, the effectiveness of which as a collector is relatively independent of incident angle, comprises a textured surface of lead dioxide electrodeposited in such a manner to produce a multiplicity of upwardly protruding platelets. The electrodeposition technique comprises an initial nucleation stage in which a relatively high overpotential is applied for a short period of time and a subsequent oriented growth stage in which a lower overpotential is applied for a longer period of time than in the first stage.

Abstract: Method for the electrolytic separation of colloidally suspended material from a fluid system and compositions for using such method to recover such materials.

Abstract: An electrolytic filter, consisting of perforated conductive electrodes isolated by a separator, is adapted to filter at the first electrode or cathode suspended materials, including colloidal metal particles such a silver or gold made colloidal by borohydride, zinc, iron, etc., reduction or sulfide, etc., precipitation of metallic ion-containing solutions. The method of recovery involves use of the electrolytic filter and a composition including the finely divided metal containing waste solution in combination with floc forming compounds such as alkaline earth metal hydroxide, and negative charge imparting additives such as soluble phosphates and anionic resin flocculating agents. Preferably, the filter includes a floc circulating chamber in which the incoming liquid assumes a vertical toroidal flow pattern.

Abstract: A self-contained toilet and waste treatment system comprises a toilet, a water flushing means, a waste treatment chamber including a comminuted redwood filter bed and digestion medium and a final filter, which treats the liquid effluent from the redwood filter and digestion medium, consisting of first and second porous sheet electrically conductive, generally metallic, elements spaced apart from one another and separated by a gas bubble impervious porous material. This filter also includes a means of imposing an electrical potential to establish an electrolytic current between the metallic elements. The first of the porous metallic elements through which the effluent passes acts as a filter member. A negative charge is established there and gaseous hydrogen is evolved, at a pressure on the order of 100 PSI. The evolving hydrogen gas bubbles displace semi-solid material from the metallic filtered element.

Abstract: A solar heat collector including a panel coated with oxygen-deficient PbO.sub.2, such as .alpha.-PbO.sub.2 or .beta.-PbO.sub.2, heat being absorbable thereby and transferable to a liquid for operation heating or cooling systems.