Abstract: Solid compositions based on superoxides comprise a material inert with respect to O.sub.2 - anions playing the role of matrix with regard to these anions, and O.sub.2 - anions, these compositions forming a material stable up to about 100.degree. C. This matrix permits the mobility of the O.sub.2 - anions in this temperature region. These compositions are usable as electrolytes (1) in an electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A method is described of developing a photographic silver halide element containing developable silver halide by means of a silver halide developing composition, comprising as development activator a derivative of a polyethylene glycol or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 monoalkyl ether thereof corresponding to the formula:R.sub.1 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n X--A--Y--R.sub.2whereinR.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or the group X--A--Y--R.sub.2n is an integer of at least 4X is CO, SO.sub.2, CONH or, when R.sub.1 is X--A--Y--R.sub.2 may be a chemical monovalent bond,A is alkylene or arylene,Y is a sulphur or selenium atom, andR.sub.2 is an alkyl group.

Abstract: A method of developing an exposed lith-type silver halide emulsion is described wherein development takes place in the presence of a sulphonium compound corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein: EACH OF X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 represents an alkyl group at least one of which carries a hydroxy, carboxy, sulpho or cyano group,R represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or the group ##STR2## wherein A is a divalent organic group, or R may represent hydrogen when both X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are hydroxyalkyl,n is an integer of at least 1 when the compound is a disulphonium compound and is an integer of at least 2 when the compound is a monosulphonium compound, andZ is an anion but does not exist when one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 itself contains an anionic group.

Abstract: Proteinaceous materials, especially gelatin, are hardened by incorporating therein at least one bis-epoxy compound corresponding to one of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X represents a 1,4-piperazinylene group or a monomethyl or dimethyl-substituted 1,4-piperazinylene group, or represents a 1,2-pyrazolidinylene group,And n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4.The proteinaceous material, especially the gelatin, is subsequently applied to form a photographic silver halide emulsion layer, a backing layer, a protective layer, a filter layer or any other photographic auxiliary layer.

Abstract: Polyoxyethylene compounds carrying thioether groups as substituents on the linear chain are described for accelerating or activating development of exposed silver halide elements.

Abstract: A process is described of improving the development characteristics of photographic silver halide elements by the use of compounds corresponding to the formula:RO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n (CO).sub.m Awherein:R represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or (--CO).sub.m --A,n is an integer of at least 4,m is 0 or 1, andA represents, when m is O, sulphoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, or sulphoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, and when m is 1, carboxyalkyl, sulphoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, sulphoalkoxycarbonylalkenyl, carboxyphenyl, sulphoalkoxycarbonylphenyl or sulphophenyl,The aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having at most 4C-atoms and the carboxyl and sulpho groups being in acid or salt form. The polyethylene glycol derivatives increase developability and sensitivity of black-and-white as well as colour emulsions. They also improve lith-development of photographic "lith"-emulsions.