Abstract: A non-invasive method for measuring blood glucose concentration using glucose present at the mucosal surface of a living being is provided. The method includes the steps of positioning a glucose oxidase membrane on the mucosal surface, providing oxygen for peroxidative oxidation of the glucose present thereat, electrically measuring the amount of hydrogen peroxide product and calibrating that amount to determine blood glucose concentration. Also provided are electrode devices suitable for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A subarachnoid bolt for use in measuring intracranial pressure includes a lower bolt half and an upper bolt half which can be screwed to the lower bolt half. A tubular member extends downwardly from the lower bolt half and is adapted to be inserted into a hole formed in a patient's skull. In one embodiment, the bolt is securely held in place when the free end of a tubular element carried by the upper bolt half enters the tubular member and cams the lowermost end thereof radially outwardly when the two bolt halves are screwed together. In a second embodiment, a sleeve on the lower bolt half bulges outwardly against the walls of the hole when the two bolt halves are screwed together.

Abstract: A subarachnoid bolt for use in measuring intracranial pressure includes a lower bolt half and an upper bold half which can be screwed into the lower bolt half. A tubular member extends downwardly from the lower bolt half and is adapted to be inserted into a hole formed in a patient's skull. The bolt is securely held in place when the free end of a tubular element carried by the upper bolt half enters the tubular member and cams the lowermost end thereof radially outwardly when the two bolt halves are screwed together.