Abstract: A hollow-fiber membrane according to an aspect of the present disclosure contains a polytetrafluoroethylene or a modified polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component and has an average outer diameter of 1 mm or less and an average inner diameter of 0.5 mm or less. In a measurement of a heat of fusion of the polytetrafluoroethylene or the modified polytetrafluoroethylene with a differential scanning calorimeter, when the polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene is subjected to a first step of heating from room temperature to 365° C., a second step of cooling from 365° C. to 350° C., maintaining the temperature, subsequently cooling from 350° C. to 330° C., and further cooling from 330° C. to 305° C., and a third step of cooling from 305° C. to 245° C. at a rate of ?50° C./min and subsequently heating from 245° C. to 365° C. at a rate of 10° C./min, a heat of fusion from 296° C. to 343° C. in the third step is 30.0 J/g or more and 45.0 J/g or less.

Abstract: A porous membrane laminate of the present disclosure includes a porous support layer and a porous membrane laminated on one surface of the support layer and containing polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component. The porous membrane is formed of a uniaxially stretched material, the porous membrane has a mean pore size of 25 nm to 35 nm and a maximum pore size of 49 nm or less, and the porous membrane has an average thickness of 0.6 ?m to 3.5 ?m.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hollow fiber membrane module, the hollow fiber membrane module including: a hollow fiber membrane bundle including a plurality of hollow fiber membranes; a housing configured to contain the hollow fiber membrane bundle; and a potting part in which a potting agent is added between an outer surface of the hollow fiber membranes and an inner surface of the housing at both end regions or at one end region of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, wherein the method including: providing a sheet-shaped spacer in a space between the hollow fiber membranes at the both end regions or at the one end region of the hollow fiber membrane bundle; and adding a potting agent between the outer surface of the hollow fiber membranes and the inner surface of the housing at the both end regions or at the one end region of the hollow fiber membrane bundle such that the provided spacer is embedded, wherein the potting agent includes resin, rubber, or elastomer, as a main ingredient, and wherein the spacer is

Abstract: A method of making an oil repellent sheet material according to an embodiment of the present disclosures includes a step of applying to a porous sheet a composition for forming an oil repellent layer, the composition containing a solvent and an amorphous fluorine resin dispersed therein, and a step of swaging the porous sheet after the step of applying, wherein the porous sheet has a fibrous skeleton composed mainly of polytetrafluoroethylene, the method of making an oil repellent sheet material further comprising a heat treatment step of heating the porous sheet to which the composition for forming an oil repellent layer is applied, before or after the step of swaging.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber membrane module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a rectangular tubular outer casing with at least one sidewall being open, the outer casing having a plurality of open ports, and an inner casing configured such that a plurality of hollow-fiber membranes aligned in a longitudinal direction of the outer casing are placeable in the inner casing and configured to be insertable into the one sidewall.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber membrane according to an aspect of the present disclosure contains a polytetrafluoroethylene or a modified polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component and has an average outer diameter of 1 mm or less and an average inner diameter of 0.5 mm or less. In a measurement of a heat of fusion of the polytetrafluoroethylene or the modified polytetrafluoroethylene with a differential scanning calorimeter, when the polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene is subjected to a first step of heating from room temperature to 365° C., a second step of cooling from 365° C. to 350° C., maintaining the temperature, subsequently cooling from 350° C. to 330° C., and further cooling from 330° C. to 305° C., and a third step of cooling from 305° C. to 245° C. at a rate of ?50° C./min and subsequently heating from 245° C. to 365° C. at a rate of 10° C./min, a heat of fusion from 296° C. to 343° C. in the third step is 30.0 J/g or more and 45.0 J/g or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a micro or nano porous membrane composed of a stretched membrane of a fluororesin membrane, wherein the fluororesin membrane contains sintered bodies of a plurality of core-shell particles containing fluororesins, wherein the core-shell particles include cores and shells covering outer surfaces of the cores, wherein an average particle size of the core-shell particles before being sintered is greater than or equal to 100 nm and less than or equal to 1,000 nm, wherein a ratio of a volume of the shells to a volume of the cores in the core-shell particles before being sintered is greater than or equal to 2/98 and less than or equal to 50/50, wherein a fluororesin of the cores is a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer or a combination thereof, and a fluororesin of the shells is polytetrafluoroethylene, and wherein a first heat of fusion of the fluororesins in the core-shell particles is less than or equal to

Abstract: A semipermeable membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a semipermeable membrane layer containing an amorphous resin as a main component, and a sheet-like supporting body that supports the semipermeable membrane layer. The supporting body has a porous first supporting layer and a porous second supporting layer laminated on one of surfaces of the first supporting layer. The second supporting layer has a smaller mean flow pore diameter than the first supporting layer. The second supporting layer is impregnated with the semipermeable membrane layer. A ratio of the mean flow pore diameter of the second supporting layer to the mean flow pore diameter of the first supporting layer is preferably 1/1,000 or more and ? or less. The mean flow pore diameter of the first supporting layer is preferably 0.05 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less, and the mean flow pore diameter of the second supporting layer is preferably 0.01 ?m or more and 1 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method of making an oil repellent sheet material according to an embodiment of the present disclosures includes a step of applying to a porous sheet a composition for forming an oil repellent layer, the composition containing a solvent and an amorphous fluorine resin dispersed therein, and a step of swaging the porous sheet after the step of applying, wherein the porous sheet has a fibrous skeleton composed mainly of polytetrafluoroethylene, the method of making an oil repellent sheet material further comprising a heat treatment step of heating the porous sheet to which the composition for forming an oil repellent layer is applied, before or after the step of swaging.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminated complex according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a laminated complex that includes a sheet-shaped or tube-shaped porous support and a semipermeable membrane layer stacked on an outer surface of the support, the method including a coating step of coating an outer surface of the support with a semipermeable membrane layer-forming composition in which a fluororesin is dispersed in a solvent; an immersing step of immersing the coated surface of the support in water after the coating step; and a heating step of heating water in which the support is immersed.

Abstract: A porous material according to an embodiment of the present invention is a porous material having a large number of fibrous skeletons containing polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component, in which another fluororesin is evenly present on outer peripheral surfaces of fibers of the large number of fibrous skeletons, and the other fluororesin is a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluorodioxole copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoromethyl vinyl ether copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroethyl vinyl ether copolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoropropyl vinyl ether copolymer, or a combination of these.

Abstract: A porous filter includes a porous laminate in which a plurality of biaxially stretched porous sheets made of PTFE are stacked. The Gurley number G and the bubble point B (kPa) of the porous laminate satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2): log G>3.7×10?3×B?0.8??(1) log G<4.9×10?3×B+0.45??(2).

Abstract: A semipermeable membrane according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a semipermeable membrane layer containing an amorphous resin as a main component, and a sheet-like supporting body that supports the semipermeable membrane layer. The supporting body has a porous first supporting layer and a porous second supporting layer laminated on one of surfaces of the first supporting layer. The second supporting layer has a smaller mean flow pore diameter than the first supporting layer. The second supporting layer is impregnated with the semipermeable membrane layer. A ratio of the mean flow pore diameter of the second supporting layer to the mean flow pore diameter of the first supporting layer is preferably 1/1,000 or more and 1/5 or less. The mean flow pore diameter of the first supporting layer is preferably 0.05 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less, and the mean flow pore diameter of the second supporting layer is preferably 0.01 ?m or more and 1 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method for producing a laminated complex according to one embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a laminated complex that includes a sheet-shaped or tube-shaped porous support and a semipermeable membrane layer stacked on an outer surface of the support, the method including a coating step of coating an outer surface of the support with a semipermeable membrane layer-forming composition in which a fluororesin is dispersed in a solvent; an immersing step of immersing the coated surface of the support in water after the coating step; and a heating step of heating water in which the support is immersed.

Abstract: A redox flow cell membrane includes a porous membrane that has a mean flow pore size of not more than 100 nm, that has a thickness of not more than 500 ?m, and that has an air flow rate of not less than 0.1 ml/s·cm2. When the redox flow cell membrane is used for a V—V-based redox flow cell, the porous membrane preferably has a mean flow pore size of not more than 30 nm.

Abstract: A porous polytetrafluoroethylene film comprising a fluororesin containing polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component, wherein an envelope surface area of resin fibers included per film having an area of 1 m2 and a thickness of 25 ?m is 4,000 m2 or more, and a melting point peak is 333° C. or lower.

Abstract: A porous filter includes a porous laminate in which a plurality of biaxially stretched porous sheets made of PTFE are stacked. The Gurley number G and the bubble point B (kPa) of the porous laminate satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2): log G>3.7×10?3×B?0.8??(1) log G<4.9×10?3×B+0.45??(2).

Abstract: A porous polytetrafluoroethylene composite includes a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film, a porous support layer that supports the porous polytetrafluoroethylene film, an adhesive layer bonded to the porous polytetrafluoroethylene film, and a porous reinforcement layer bonded to the adhesive layer, in which the adhesive layer is a layer composed of a fluororesin having a melting point, or a glass transition point when a melting point is not clearly defined, of lower than 260° C.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film having good chemical resistance, good heat resistance, a high porosity, and good dimensional stability. The method for producing a porous polytetrafluoroethylene film includes a stretching step of stretching a sheet-like molded body composed of a fluororesin containing polytetrafluoroethylene as a main component in a longitudinal direction and/or a lateral direction at a temperature lower than a melting point of the fluororesin to make a porous fluororesin film, and, after the stretching step, an annealing step of holding the porous fluororesin film in a shape-fixed state, and maintaining the porous fluororesin film at a temperature lower than the melting point of the fluororesin but not lower than a temperature 30° C. lower than the melting point for 1 to 20 hours.

Abstract: There are provided a fluororesin thin film which is composed of a fluororesin, which has a thickness of 20 ?m or less and a Gurley's number of 300 seconds or more, and which includes no defects, such as voids and/or cracks; a method for manufacturing the fluororesin thin film in which after a fluororesin dispersion including a dispersing medium and a fluororesin powder dispersed therein is applied on a flat and smooth foil, the dispersing medium is dried, and the fluororesin powder is sintered; the fluororesin dispersion; a fluororesin composite including a porous base material and the fluororesin thin film; a manufacturing method thereof, a porous fluororesin composite formed by stretching the fluororesin composite; and a separation membrane element using the porous fluororesin composite.