Abstract: A valve spring includes a nitrided layer, and a core portion that is further inward than the nitrided layer. A chemical composition of the core portion consists of, in mass %, C: 0.53 to 0.59%, Si: 2.51 to 2.90%, Mn: 0.70 to 0.85%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Cr: 1.40 to 1.70%, Mo: 0.17 to 0.53%, V: 0.23 to 0.33%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Cu: 0.050% or less, Ni: 0.050% or less, Al: 0.0050% or less, Ti: 0.050% or less, and N: 0.0070% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities. In the core portion, a number density of V-based precipitates having a maximum diameter ranging from 2 to 10 nm is 500 to 8000 per ?m2, and in the core portion, a numerical proportion of Ca sulfides with respect to a total number of oxide-based inclusions and sulfide-based inclusions is 0.20% or less.

Abstract: An air-conditioning duct structure of an aircraft includes an air-conditioning duct that is provided on each of a starboard side and a port side and guides conditioned air to a vicinity of a ceiling of a cabin in the aircraft. The air-conditioning duct includes a blowout portion and a blowout upstream portion. The blowout portion blows out the conditioned air to the cabin from an outboard side of the ceiling to an inboard side of the ceiling and toward a lower part than the ceiling, and the blowout upstream portion communicates with an upstream side of the blowout portion. In addition, the blowout portion or the blowout upstream portion is curved to cause a terminal end side of the blowout portion to be inclined downward with respect to a horizontal direction.

Abstract: An air-conditioning duct structure of an aircraft includes an air-conditioning duct that is provided on each of a starboard side and a port side and guides conditioned air to a vicinity of a ceiling of a cabin in the aircraft. The air-conditioning duct includes a blowout portion and a blowout upstream portion. The blowout portion blows out the conditioned air to the cabin from an outboard side of the ceiling to an inboard side of the ceiling and toward a lower part than the ceiling, and the blowout upstream portion communicates with an upstream side of the blowout portion. In addition, the blowout portion or the blowout upstream portion is curved to cause a terminal end side of the blowout portion to be inclined downward with respect to a horizontal direction.

Abstract: An aircraft duct structure includes a first duct through which exhaust air from a front-side equipment compartment flows, and a second duct through which exhaust air from a rear-side equipment compartment flows. The first duct has a terminal end part where the exhaust air inside the second duct flows into the exhaust air inside the first duct at a substantially right angle, and a flow straightening plate located inside the terminal end part. The terminal end part has a jet opening which faces, across a clearance, an air pressure regulating port where an air pressure regulating valve is disposed. The inside of the terminal end part is divided by the flow straightening plate into an upper region and a lower region. The exhaust air inside the first duct and the exhaust air inside the second duct merge together in the upper region.

Abstract: An aircraft includes: a cockpit, the inside of which is pressurized; equipment which is at least partially disposed on the outside of the cockpit (external space) where the pressure is lower than the inside of the cockpit (internal space); a forced air delivery mechanism which discharges air from a peripheral space of the equipment on the outside of the cockpit by an exhaust fan to supply a branch flow divided from a main flow of air-conditioning exhaust, which has air-conditioned the inside of the cockpit, as cooling air to the equipment; and a natural air delivery mechanism which uses a differential pressure between the inside of the cockpit and the outside of the cockpit to supply air inside the cockpit as cooling air to the equipment through a ventilation opening putting in communication the peripheral space and the inside of the cockpit with one another.

Abstract: An aircraft duct structure includes a first duct through which exhaust air from a front-side equipment compartment flows, and a second duct through which exhaust air from a rear-side equipment compartment flows. The first duct has a terminal end part where the exhaust air inside the second duct flows into the exhaust air inside the first duct at a substantially right angle, and a flow straightening plate located inside the terminal end part. The terminal end part has a jet opening which faces, across a clearance, an air pressure regulating port where an air pressure regulating valve is disposed. The inside of the terminal end part is divided by the flow straightening plate into an upper region and a lower region. The exhaust air inside the first duct and the exhaust air inside the second duct merge together in the upper region.

Abstract: An aircraft includes: a cockpit, the inside of which is pressurized; equipment which is at least partially disposed on the outside of the cockpit (external space) where the pressure is lower than the inside of the cockpit (internal space); a forced air delivery mechanism which discharges air from a peripheral space of the equipment on the outside of the cockpit by an exhaust fan to supply a branch flow divided from a main flow of air-conditioning exhaust, which has air-conditioned the inside of the cockpit, as cooling air to the equipment; and a natural air delivery mechanism which uses a differential pressure between the inside of the cockpit and the outside of the cockpit to supply air inside the cockpit as cooling air to the equipment through a ventilation opening putting in communication the peripheral space and the inside of the cockpit with one another.

Abstract: A plurality of press devices 2 are arranged in a plastic working system. The plastic working system includes: a loop correction sensor 13 for watching a slack of a coil material C intermittently delivered from a preceding first press device 2a; and a second slack watching means 19 for watching a slack of the coil material C generated at the time of sending the coil material C to a succeeding second press device 2b. According to the slack generated by intermittent feeding of the coil material C sent from the first press device 2a, intermittent feeding is converted to continuous feeding by the feeding means 15. At the same time, the continuous feeding speed is subjected to speed increasing/decreasing control. On the other hand, by the second slack watching means 19, a slack of the coil material C is watched at the time of feeding the coil material C to the second press device 2b and the preceding first press device 2a is subjected to speed increasing/decreasing control.

Abstract: A U-turn bus bar comprises a body portion constituting a linear essential part formed of a conductive plate member, having an overall thickness (t) and an overall width (2b); at least a terminal portion expanded in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body portion; and a connection hole formed at one end of the body portion. The body portion includes a U-turn bend formed by bending the body portion into a U-turn shape.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating gas containing nitrous oxide, according to the present invention, includes dampers (113-116, 118-120, and 123-125) for introducing gas to be treated and for exhausting treated gas; a plurality of heat accumulating layers (102) charged with ceramic heat storage media; a plurality of catalyst layers (103) arranged in accordance with the respective heat accumulating layers, heat-decomposing nitrous oxide contained in the introduced gas to be treated into nitrogen; and a heating device (107) for increasing a temperature of the introduced gas to be treated to a heat-decomposable temperature in the catalyst layers.

Abstract: A U-turn bus bar comprises a body portion constituting a linear essential part formed of a conductive plate member, having an overall thickness (t) and an overall width (2b); at least a terminal portion expanded in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the body portion; and a connection hole formed at one end of the body portion. The body portion includes a U-turn bend formed by bending the body portion into a U-turn shape.

Abstract: A plurality of press devices 2 are arranged in a plastic working system. The plastic working system includes: a loop correction sensor 13 for watching a slack of a coil material C intermittently delivered from a preceding first press device 2a; and a second slack watching means 19 for watching a slack of the coil material C generated at the time of sending the coil material C to a succeeding second press device 2b. According to the slack generated by intermittent feeding of the coil material C sent from the first press device 2a, intermittent feeding is converted to continuous feeding by the feeding means 15. At the same time, the continuous feeding speed is subjected to speed increasing/decreasing control. On the other hand, by the second slack watching means 19, a slack of the coil material C is watched at the time of feeding the coil material C to the second press device 2b and the preceding first press device 2a is subjected to speed increasing/decreasing control.

Abstract: A substrate processing method comprising steps for forming a copper film on a surface of a substrate. These steps includes the step of filling a first metal in the trenches so as to form a plated film of the first metal on an entire surface of the substrate by electroplating, wherein the electromagnetic field is adjusted by the virtual anode so that differences of thickness of the plated film between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the substrate being minimized, and polishing and removing the plated film by pressing the substrate to the polishing surface, wherein the pressures pressing the substrate to the polishing surface at a central portion and a peripheral portion are adjusted.

Abstract: A substrate processing method comprising steps for forming a copper film on a surface of a substrate. These steps includes the step of filling a first metal in the trenches so as to form a plated film of the first metal on an entire surface of the substrate by electroplating, wherein the electromagnetic field is adjusted by the virtual anode so that differences of thickness of the plated film between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the substrate being minimized, and polishing and removing the plated film by pressing the substrate to the polishing surface, wherein the pressures pressing the substrate to the polishing surface at a central portion and a peripheral portion are adjusted.

Abstract: A substrate procesing method comprising steps for forming a copper film on a surface of a substrate. These steps includes the step of filling a first metal in the trenches so as to form a plated film of the first metal on an entire surface of the substrate by electroplating, wherein the electromagnetic field is adjusted by the virtual anode so that differences of thickness of the plated film between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the substrate being minimized, and polishing and removing the plated film by pressing the substrate to the polishing surface, wherein the pressures pressing the substrate to the polishing surface at a central portion and a peripheral portion are adjusted.

Abstract: A fuel pump for an internal combustion engine includes a suction-side cover having a fuel inlet, an exhaust-side cover having a fuel outlet, an electric motor, a pump casing disposed between the electric motor and the suction-side cover, an impeller disposed between the suction-side cover and the pump casing to be rotated by the electric motor, and a cylindrical housing for accommodating the suction-side cover, the pump casing and the impeller. The suction-side cover is made of a resinous member that has a shoulder having a round surface in contact with a portion of the cylindrical housing that is clinched at the shoulder.

Abstract: A substrate processing method comprising steps for forming a copper film on a surface of a substrate. These steps includes the step of filling a first metal in the trenches so as to form a plated film of the first metal on an entire surface of the substrate by electroplating, wherein the electromagnetic field is adjusted by the virtual anode so that differences of thickness of the plated film between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the substrate being minimized, and polishing and removing the plated film by pressing the substrate to the polishing surface, wherein the pressures pressing the substrate to the polishing surface at a central portion and a peripheral portion are adjusted.

Abstract: A substrate processing method comprising steps for forming a copper film on a surface of a substrate. These steps includes the step of filling a first metal in the trenches so as to form a plated film of the first metal on an entire surface of the substrate by electroplating, wherein the electromagnetic field is adjusted by the virtual anode so that differences of thickness of the plated film between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the substrate being minimized, and polishing and removing the plated film by pressing the substrate to the polishing surface, wherein the pressures pressing the substrate to the polishing surface at a central portion and a peripheral portion are adjusted.

Abstract: A substrate processing method comprising steps for forming a copper film on a surface of a substrate. These steps includes the step of filling a first metal in the trenches so as to form a plated film of the first metal on an entire surface of the substrate by electroplating, wherein the electromagnetic field is adjusted by the virtual anode so that differences of thickness of the plated film between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the substrate being minimized, and polishing and removing the plated film by pressing the substrate to the polishing surface, wherein the pressures pressing the substrate to the polishing surface at a central portion and a peripheral portion are adjusted.

Abstract: A powder particle lumping recording apparatus low in cost and high in printing quality is disclosed. Toner 12 having a magnetic property contained in a toner container 21 is conveyed by a developing roller 11 constituting a magnet roller, and jumped under the effect of the electric field controlled by a control electrode formed on an FPC 22. The toner 12 is accelerated by the acceleration voltage for the conductive roller 15, attaches on a recording material inserted between the control electrode 13 and the conductive roller 15, and thus forms an image. The conductive roller 15 contains a magnet 16 therein. With the approach of the magnet 16 to the control electrode 13 by rotation of the conductive roller 15, the toner 12 can be attracted off. The toner 12 attached on the surface of the conductive roller 15 is mechanically removed by a cleaning blade 17 and accumulated in a housing 18. The conductive roller 15, the cleaning blade 17 and the housing 18 make up an easily-demountable cleaning unit 19.