Abstract: Processes for producing olefins include passing a hydrocarbon feed to a hydrocarbon cracking unit that cracks the hydrocarbon feed to produce a cracker effluent, passing the cracker effluent to a cracker effluent separation system that separates the cracker effluent to produce at least a cracking C4 effluent including 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, and isobutene, passing the cracking C4 effluent to an SHIU that contacts the cracking C4 effluent with hydrogen in the presence of a selective hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenation effluent having a 2-butenes concentration greater than or equal to the sum of the concentrations of 1-butene and isobutene. The processes include passing the hydrogenation effluent to a metathesis unit that contacts the hydrogenation effluent with a metathesis catalyst and a cracking catalyst downstream of the metathesis catalyst to produce a metathesis reaction effluent comprising at least propene.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for regulating the temperature of rear axle lubrication oil. In one example, a rear axle coolant system may include a coolant loop with a plurality of valves and sensors, regulating the coolant flow in heat exchange relationship with an exhaust gas heat recovery and storage system to deliver warm coolant to a rear axle heat exchanger to warm the rear axle lubrication oil. The method may regulate the components of the rear axle coolant system through a controller, receiving sensor input from the components of the coolant system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas aftertreatment mixing assembly. In one example, the mixing assembly includes an injector and a helical blade. The injector may be positioned relative to the helical blade with an orientation that augments entrainment and dispersion of a diesel exhaust fluid into an exhaust gas stream and the helical blade may be configured to increase an exhaust gas flow path while maintaining a compact size of the mixing assembly. Geometries of the injector and the helical blade together may increase decomposition of a diesel exhaust fluid to facilitate enhanced reduction of nitrous oxides in exhaust gases.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas aftertreatment mixing assembly. In one example, the mixing assembly includes an injector and a helical blade. The injector may be positioned relative to the helical blade with an orientation that augments entrainment and dispersion of a diesel exhaust fluid into an exhaust gas stream and the helical blade may be configured to increase an exhaust gas flow path while maintaining a compact size of the mixing assembly. Geometries of the injector and the helical blade together may increase decomposition of a diesel exhaust fluid to facilitate enhanced reduction of nitrous oxides in exhaust gases.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for regulating the temperature of rear axle lubrication oil. In one example, a rear axle coolant system may include a coolant loop with a plurality of valves and sensors, regulating the coolant flow in heat exchange relationship with an exhaust gas heat recovery and storage system to deliver warm coolant to a rear axle heat exchanger to warm the rear axle lubrication oil. The method may regulate the components of the rear axle coolant system through a controller, receiving sensor input from the components of the coolant system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for regulating the temperature of rear axle lubrication oil. In one example, a rear axle coolant system may include a coolant loop with a plurality of valves and sensors, regulating the coolant flow in heat exchange relationship with an exhaust gas heat recovery and storage system to deliver warm coolant to a rear axle heat exchanger to warm the rear axle lubrication oil. The method may regulate the components of the rear axle coolant system through a controller, receiving sensor input from the components of the coolant system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for regulating fluid flow through a three-way valve assembly, including a three-way split conduit coupled to a movable rotary ring with plurality of openings. In one example, a three-way split conduit may include one fluid inlet conduit splitting into two outlet conduits with an included angle of less than 90 degrees between the two splitting outlet conduits. A movable rotary ring coupled to the three-way split conduit may be rotated by an actuator to open or block the three way split conduits, regulating the fluid flow passages along the three-way valve assembly.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for regulating the temperature of rear axle lubrication oil. In one example, a rear axle coolant system may include a coolant loop with a plurality of valves and sensors, regulating the coolant flow in heat exchange relationship with an exhaust gas heat recovery and storage system to deliver warm coolant to a rear axle heat exchanger to warm the rear axle lubrication oil. The method may regulate the components of the rear axle coolant system through a controller, receiving sensor input from the components of the coolant system.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for regulating fluid flow through a three-way valve assembly, including a three-way split conduit coupled to a movable rotary ring with plurality of openings. In one example, a three-way split conduit may include one fluid inlet conduit splitting into two outlet conduits with an included angle of less than 90 degrees between the two splitting outlet conduits. A movable rotary ring coupled to the three-way split conduit may be rotated by an actuator to open or block the three way split conduits, regulating the fluid flow passages along the three-way valve assembly.

Abstract: A method is described for managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system. The method may include generating ammonia vapors in a first storage device and storing said generated ammonia vapors in a second storage device. Further, the method may include purging the stored vapors from the second storage device to upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine during a first condition and downstream of the combustion chamber during a second condition.

Abstract: A method is described for managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system. The method may include generating ammonia vapors in a first storage device and storing said generated ammonia vapors in a second storage device. Further, the method may include purging the stored vapors from the second storage device to upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine during a first condition and downstream of the combustion chamber during a second condition.

Abstract: A method is described for managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system. The method may include generating ammonia vapors in a first storage device and storing said generated ammonia vapors in a second storage device. Further, the method may include purging the stored vapors from the second storage device to upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine during a first condition and downstream of the combustion chamber during a second condition.

Abstract: A method of managing vapors generated from an ammonia-containing reductant delivery system for an engine, comprising of storing an ammonia-containing fluid in a first storage device; generating ammonia vapors in the first storage device and storing said generated ammonia vapors in a second storage device; and purging said stored vapors from the second storage device to upstream of a combustion chamber of the engine during a first condition and downstream of the combustion chamber during a second condition.

Abstract: A system and method for venting an on-board vehicle emissions treatment substance storage and distribution system that selectively dispenses an emissions treatment substance from a storage tank on the vehicle to an exhaust system of the vehicle include pressurizing the storage tank during engine operation and coupling the storage tank to the exhaust system upstream of an ammonia storage element to reduce and direct any escaping ammonia toward the rear of the vehicle away from a refueling location.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling venting of an on-board vehicle emissions treatment substance storage and distribution system that selectively dispenses an emissions treatment substance from a storage tank on the vehicle to an exhaust system of the vehicle include selectively coupling the storage tank to the exhaust system when pressure in the storage tank exceeds a predetermined pressure associated with the exhaust system. The invention may also include selectively coupling the storage tank to atmosphere when a pressure differential between the storage tank and atmosphere exceeds a predetermined pressure differential.