Abstract: In an example, an apparatus includes an image processing system, a print engine, and a vision system. The image processing system generates electronic signals based on a model of an object to be fabricated using an additive manufacturing process. The print engine performs the additive manufacturing process in a plurality of passes based on the electronic signals. The vision system acquires a plurality of thermal images of the plurality of passes and assigns individual passes to individual images based on data acquired during a build of a calibration object by the additive manufacturing process. The print engine may further include a material coater to spread a powder coating material, a plurality of fluid ejection devices to eject a fusing agent, and an emitter to emit energy to fuse the fusing agent and the powder coating material into a layer of the object to be fabricated.

Abstract: Examples described herein relate to a system consistent with the disclosure. For instance, the system may comprise an additive manufacturing device including hardware to form a three-dimensional (3D) model, a memory resource, and a processing resource to receive data related to the 3D model, modify the data related to the 3D model to include a protective structure connected to the 3D model by a fusion bond, and dispense, based on the modified data, a printing agent onto build material layers to produce the 3D model and the protective structure around a portion of the 3D model.

Abstract: A control and feedback technique to determine the proper location of powder control temperature regions includes detecting solid parts having specified shape and thermal characteristics. The solid parts are generated by a 3D printer. The solid parts include powder material fused on a layer by layer basis. A powder control temperature region is selected in each layer of powder material, wherein the region is located in unfused powder material adjacent to the solid parts, and wherein the region is selected based on characteristics of the shape of a build area and thermal imaging associated with any of a structural formation of the solid parts adjacent to the region, and an amount of thermal energy radiated by the solid parts adjacent to the region. The amount of thermal energy to cause fusing of the powder material on each subsequent layer is modified based on location of the powder control temperature region.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, an additive manufacturing device is described. The additive manufacturing device includes a build material distributor to deposit layers of powdered build material onto a bed. An agent distributor of the additive manufacturing device deposits at least one property-changing agent in a pattern onto a layer of powdered build material. The additive manufacturing device also includes an array of lasers to selectively fuse portions of the layer of powdered build material in a pattern.

Abstract: In some examples, a distribution of values of a property of a given layer to be printed as part of three-dimensional (3D) printing is predicted, wherein the predicting is based on a distribution of values of the property in a previous layer that has been printed as part of the 3D printing. 3D printing of an object is controlled based on the predicted distribution of values of the property of the given layer.

Abstract: According to examples, an apparatus may include a fabricating system, a processor, and on memory on which are stored machine readable instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor, may cause the processor to control the fabricating system to spread a first layer of build material as part of an object fabrication process, the build material comprising particles or a paste. The instructions may also cause the processor to control the fabricating system to selectively solidify a first area of the layer to a higher degree of solidification than a predefined second area encompassed by the first area, in which the predefined second area has a lower fracture toughness than the first area to propagate a crack in the object more readily than the first area.

Abstract: An example system includes a plurality of energy emitters to deliver energy to a material bed to fuse build material at a plurality of locations receiving the energy. The system also includes a controller to a controller to determine an amount of energy to deliver to each location to achieve a fusing condition based on data indicating the plurality of locations to be fused and based on predicted thermal transfer between the plurality of locations receiving the energy. The controller also is to cause the plurality of energy emitters to deliver the determined amount of energy to each location of the material bed.

Abstract: A system and method for providing three dimensional printing production quality prediction is described herein. The system may include logic to scan a region of interest associated with a layer of a plurality of parts during printing to obtain an input for the region of interest and compute an input metric associated with the layer based on the input. In response to an initial set of print jobs, at least a portion of the plurality of parts is mechanically tested to determine at least one output. In response to a production print job, a likelihood of a part of the plurality of parts to satisfy a quality specification is predicted by inputting the input metric to at least one machine learning function comprising the at least one output, wherein the at least one machine learning function is trained during the initial set of print jobs.

Abstract: In one example in accordance with the present disclosure, an additive manufacturing system is described. The additive manufacturing system includes a build material distributor to deposit layers of powdered build material onto a bed and an agent distributor to form a slice of a three-dimensional (3D) printed object by selectively depositing at least one agent onto a layer of powdered build material. The additive manufacturing system also includes a controller. The controller 1) controls the build material distributor and the agent distributor to form the 3D printed object and 2) controls the agent distributor to form an object label, the object label to be within a body of the 3D printed object with fused material disposed over the object label. The object label does not receive an agent disposed thereon.

Abstract: A method is disclosed in which an identifier is to be printed on a surface of a part to be additive manufactured. The identifier is utilized during post-processing of the part at the manufacturing facility, then the identifier is modified so as to no longer be visible before leaving the facility.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to selecting a 3D printing parameter based on voxel property association and conflict resolution. In one implementation, a processor assigns properties to a voxel of a 3D print object based on a first and second zone including the voxel and a condition of a first property associated with the first zone and a condition of a second property associated with the second zone. The processor may update the assigned properties to resolve conflicts between the properties and select a 3D printing parameter based on the assigned properties.

Abstract: Systems and methods of predicting temperature during a build of a three-dimensional (3D) part include determining a temperature profile at a plurality of layers of a part based on geometric characteristics of the 3D part as defined by a 3D part file, and adjusting a process parameter of the build based on the determined temperature.

Abstract: A hybrid connection for connecting a first portion of a three-dimensional (3D) print design to a second portion of the 3D print design may include a cross-sectional pattern of fully-fused connections and under-fused connections that connect between the first portion of the 3D print design and the second portion of the 3D print design. Systems and methods are also described herein that facilitate designing 3D parts with hybrid connections and/or automatically replacing fully-fused connections with hybrid connections.

Abstract: A grazing light system for detecting three-dimensional (3D) Additive Manufacturing Device (3D) part lift and drag may include a grazing light directed along an x, y plane of a build region to illuminate the surface of the build region, an image capture device to capture an image of the build region as illuminated by the grazing light, and an image analysis module to detect protrusions of the part along the x, y plane based on variations of luminance information within data representing the image.

Abstract: Some examples include an additive manufacturing system including a processor and a memory to store instructions to cause the processor to ate print data related to a three-dimensional build object. The generated print data comprises defined print data to print a first part and a second part of the object. The defined print data is to orient and position each of the first part and the second part of the object within a build area, the first part including a first mating section, the second part including a second mating section, the first and second mating sections shaped and sized to be matingly coupled to form the build object, to adjacently align the first and second mating sections within the build area, and to separate the aligned first and second mating sections with a gap defined between the first and second parts along the aligned first and second mating sections.

Abstract: Breakable three dimensional (3D) printed molds are disclosed. An example method for forming a mold having a cavity by creating a plurality of layers using an additive manufacturing process includes providing a build material; and controlling a fusion level of the build material separately for different layers of the plurality of layers to separately form the layers with a porosity corresponding to a target porosity.

Abstract: An apparatus, and related methods and machine readable programs are disclosed herein for additive manufacturing. An implementation of an apparatus includes a processor circuit, a first dispenser coupled to the processor circuit to deposit a sinterable material, a second dispenser coupled to the processor circuit to deposit colorant on the layer of sinterable material, and a laser coupled to the processor circuit to scan across and to selectively fuse the layer of sinterable material.

Abstract: An example device includes at least one three-dimensional (3D) printed tablet and a 3D-printed production support structure. Each 3D-printed tablet includes an excipient material and an active ingredient. The 3D-printed support structure includes a 3D-printed planar structure comprising the excipient material and at least one 3D-printed connecting member comprising the excipient material. The planar structure includes at least one aperture, each aperture corresponding to one of the at least one 3D-printed tablet. The connecting member detachably connects the at least one 3D-printed tablet with the 3D-printed planar structure and positions the at least one 3D-printed tablets within the apertures.

Abstract: In an example, a method includes operating, by a processor, on object model data and operating, on a processor, on pattern data. The object model data describes at least part of an object to be generated in additive manufacturing and the pattern data describes an object pattern intended to be formed on at least a portion of the part of the object to be generated in additive manufacturing. The method includes determining, by a processor, control data to control a print agent applicator to apply a pattern of fusing agent onto a part of a layer of build material. The pattern of fusing agent comprises a fusing agent area and a gap area that lacks fusing agent. The gap area corresponds to the object pattern such that no fusing agent is applied to a part of the layer of build material that corresponds to the object pattern.

Abstract: A system for detecting three-dimensional (3D) part drag includes a layer deposition device, and a sensor to detect a change in a process parameter associated with the operation of the layer deposition device within a 3D part build region of a 3D printing device on which a part is built, the change in a process parameter indicating part drag.