Abstract: The invention relates to the field of production of barium-scandate dispenser cathodes or other barium-scandate materials. A target (66) containing a mixture of BaO, CaO, Al2O3 and Sc2O3 tends to be more stable, the higher the scandia (scandium oxide) content is. However, an increased scandia content results in a reduced emission capability. A destabilizing effect of BaO and CaO reactions is counteracted by the more inert Sc2O3 and also Al2O3 components, as not only an increased scandia content stabilizes the material but also an increased alumina (aluminum oxide) content improves the stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source (1) comprising a light generating unit (2) like an organic light emitting diode and an outcoupling device (3) for coupling light out of the light generating unit in an outcoupling direction (4). The outcoupling device comprises a first region (5) for facing the light generating unit, a second region (7) having a refractive index being smaller than the refractive index of the first region, and a structured intermediate region (6) between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically homogenous and has a thickness in the outcoupling direction being larger than a coherence length of the light, thereby reducing generally possible wavelength dependent interference effects and, thus, a corresponding degradation of the outcoupling efficiency. The outcoupling efficiency can therefore be increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a light emitting device with improved internal out-coupling by providing an intermediate layer (11) with a modulated surface. This is achieved by exposure of a flat glass surface (100) to a saturated etching fluid or by providing local changes in the chemical surface composition of the glass substrate or by depositing locally separated sub-?m particles. By removal of the etching fluid, either ultrafine particles (12) are deposited or defects are generated consisting of glass component areas of sub^m-size extension with a high sticking coefficient with respect to the species deposited later on from the gas phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a light emitting device with improved internal out-coupling by providing an intermediate layer (11) with a modulated surface. This is achieved by exposure of a flat glass surface (100) to a saturated etching fluid or by providing local changes in the chemical surface composition of the glass substrate or by depositing locally separated sub-?m particles. By removal of the etching fluid, either ultrafine particles (12) are deposited or defects are generated consisting of glass component areas of sub?m-size extension with a high sticking coefficient with respect to the species deposited later on from the gas phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source (1) comprising a light generating unit (2) like an organic light emitting diode and an outcoupling device (3) for coupling light out of the light generating unit in an outcoupling direction (4). The outcoupling device comprises a first region (5) for facing the light generating unit, a second region (7) having a refractive index being smaller than the refractive index of the first region, and a structured intermediate region (6) between the first region and the second region. The first region is optically homogenous and has a thickness in the outcoupling direction being larger than a coherence length of the light, thereby reducing generally possible wavelength dependent interference effects and, thus, a corresponding degradation of the outcoupling efficiency. The outcoupling efficiency can therefore be increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of production of barium-scandate dispenser cathodes or other barium-scan-date materials. A target (66) containing a mixture of BaO, CaO, Al2O3 and SC2O3 tends to be more stable, the higher the scandia (scandium oxide) content is. However, an increased scandia content results in a reduced emission capability. A destabilizing effect of BaO and CaO reactions is counteracted by the more inert SC2O3 and also AI2O3 components, as not only an increased scandia content stabilizes the material but also an increased alumina (aluminum oxide) content improves the stability.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes several groups of stripe shaped organic light emitting diodes arranged side by side on an optically transparent carrier substrate. The organic light emitting diodes includes a first layer sequence forming a first microcavity. At least one of the organic light emitting diodes of each group includes a second layer sequence forming a second microcavity is adapted in thickness of at least one of its layers to increase light output of the corresponding organic light emitting diode. A scatter or diffuser is arranged is an emission direction of the organic light emitting diodes in front of the carrier substrate to mix the light of different colors of each group leaving the carrier substrate allowing the emission of white light with a high efficacy.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a high efficiently dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-lamp for generating and/or emitting a radiation of ultraviolet (UV)-light comprising: a discharge gap (1) being at least partly formed and/or surrounded by at least an inner wall (2) and an at least partly transparent (3), each with an inner surface (2a, 3a), facing the discharge gap (1) and an outer surface (2b, 3b) arranged opposite of and directed away from the corresponding inner surface (2a, 3a), a filling located inside the discharge gap (1), at least two electrical contacting means (4), a first electrical contacting means (4a) at the inner wall (2) and a second electrical contacting means (4b) at the outer wall (3), and at least one luminescent coating layer (5) arranged at/on and at least partly covering at least a part of the respective wall's inner surface (3a), arranged such, that at least a part of the generated UV-light of a certain wavelength range can pass the luminescent coating layer (5) from

Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic light emitting diode (OLED) is disclosed, which reduces the formation of physical defects in the GLED, comprising the removal of dust particles from a first and a second substrates (40, 90), separately coating the first and the second substrate using a vapour deposition method (50, 80) and laminating the first and the second substrate together in vacuum.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a system incorporating a DBD lamp (1), a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD-) lamp (1), and a phosphor coating (2) for use as luminescent coating in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD-) lamp (1), especially in a mercury-free DBD-lamp, comprising several phosphor grains (3a) together forming a luminescent coating layer (3) for converting a primary discharge radiation into a wanted radiation, whereby the phosphor coating (2) comprises a protective coating layer (4) at least partly surrounding the luminescent coating layer (3) for minimizing degradation of the luminescent coating layer (3) during use in a DBD-lamp (1).

Abstract: The subject of the present invention relates to a high efficiently dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) -lamp for generating and/or emitting a radiation of ultraviolet (UV)-light comprising: a discharge gap (1) being at least partly formed and/or surrounded by at least an inner wall (2) and an at least partly transparent (3), each with an inner surface (2a, 3a), facing the discharge gap (1) and an outer surface (2b, 3b) arranged opposite of and directed away from the corresponding inner surface (2a, 3a), a filling located inside the discharge gap (1), at least two electrical contacting means (4), a first electrical contacting means (4a) at the inner wall (2) and a second electrical contacting means (4b) at the outer wall (3), and at least one luminescent coating layer (5) arranged at/on and at least partly covering at least a part of the respective wall's inner surface (3a), arranged such, that at least a part of the generated UV-light of a certain wavelength range can pass the luminescent coating layer (5) fro

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum display device comprising a display screen (30) having picture elements (35), cathode means (20) for generating a plurality of electron beams (EB), each corresponding to one of the picture elements (35), and addressing means (41,42) for addressing the picture element (35) through modulation of the intensity of an electron beam corresponding to the picture element (35). A channel structure (10) is arranged adjacent the cathode means (20). The channel structure (10) comprises a plurality of electron beam guidance cavities (15), each corresponding to one of the picture elements (35), and protects the cathode means (20) from incident ions. The exit (17) of the cavity (15) is smaller than the entrance (16), so that an electron beam (EB) exiting from the cavity (15) has a particularly high brightness and spatial uniformity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode ray tube equipped with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode carrier having a cathode base of a first cathode metal and having a covering layer of ultrafine metal particles that contain nickel. The oxide cathode also comprises a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material containing a particle-particle composite of oxide particles and metal particles. The oxide particles comprise an oxide selected among the oxides of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanoids cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and an alkaline earth oxide selected among the group consisting of the oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, and the metal particles contain a second cathode material selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ir, Pd, Rh and Pt. The invention also relates to an oxide cathode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vacuum display device comprising a display screen (30) having picture elements (35), cathode means (20) for generating a plurality of electron beams (EB), each corresponding to one of the picture elements (35), and addressing means (41,42) for addressing the picture element (35) through modulation of the intensity of an electron beam corresponding to the picture element (35). A channel structure (10) is arranged adjacent the cathode means (20). The channel structure (10) comprises a plurality of electron beam guidance cavities (15), each corresponding to one of the picture elements (35), and protects the cathode means (20) from incident ions. The exit (17) of the cavity (15) is smaller than the entrance (16), so that an electron beam (EB) exiting from the cavity (15) has a particularly high brightness and spatial uniformity.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube provided with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode carrier with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material containing a particle-particle composite material of oxide particles of an alkaline earth oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, and oxide particles having a first grain size distribution of an oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanoids, and oxide particles having a second grain size distribution of an oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanoids. The invention also relates to an oxide cathode.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube is provided with at least one oxide cathode including a cathode carrier with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material with oxide particles. The oxide particles contain an alkaline earth oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of calcium, strontium, and barium, doped with an oxide doping in a quantity ranging from 120 to maximally 500 ppm of an oxide selected from the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. The electron-emitting material has an electric conductance of 3*10−3 &OHgr;−1 cm−1 to 12.5*10−3 &OHgr;−1 cm−1.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a dispenser cathode for a cathode ray tube comprising a cathode carrier with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a metal matrix body of a matrix of metal particles of a metal selected from the group of refractory metals and, infiltrated into the matrix, oxide particles of an alkaline earth oxide selected from the group of oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, where the matrix of metal particles of a metal selected from the group of refractory metals is produced by reduction of a porous stabilized oxide gel of the metal selected from the group of refractory metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cathode ray tube equipped with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode carrier having a cathode base of a first cathode metal and having a covering layer of ultrafine metal particles that contain nickel. Said oxide cathode also comprises a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material containing a particle-particle composite of oxide particles and metal particles. The oxide particles comprise an oxide selected among the oxides of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanoids cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and an alkaline earth oxide selected among the group consisting of the oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, and the metal particles contain a second cathode material selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Ir, Pd, Rh and Pt. The invention also relates to an oxide cathode.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube provided with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode carrier with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material containing a particle-particle composite material of oxide particles of an alkaline earth oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, and oxide particles having a first grain size distribution of an oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanoids, and oxide particles having a second grain size distribution of an oxide selected from the group formed by the oxides of scandium, yttrium and the lanthanoids. The invention also relates to an oxide cathode.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube provided with at least one oxide cathode comprising a cathode carrier with a cathode base of a cathode metal and a cathode coating of an electron-emitting material with oxide particles, said oxide particles containing an alkaline earth oxide, selected from the group formed by the oxides of calcium, strontium and barium, doped with an oxide doping in a quantity ranging from 120 to maximally 500 ppm of an oxide selected from the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium, and the electron-emitting material has an electric conductance of 3*10−3 &OHgr;−1 cm−1 to 12.5*10−3 &OHgr;−1 cm−1. The invention also relates to an oxide cathode.