Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a signal on an intermediate network node at an edge of a provider packet-switched network to support a link-layer virtual private network includes receiving a signal on a particular interface. The particular interface is for a direct communication link to a customer network node outside the provider network. It is determined whether the signal indicates that the particular interface is changing from an inactive state to an active state, whereby the signal is called first sign of life (FSOL). If it is determined that the signal is FSOL, then configuration data is determined for configuring the particular interface for the particular virtual private network. The signal is processed based on the configuration data. These techniques allow a dynamic response to new signals on a customer interface without human intervention by the provider.

Abstract: A link restoration mechanism includes sending status-inquiry messages at a varying rate between two devices. Under normal operating conditions, keep-alive messages are sent from one device to another to determine the status of the communication link. The keep-alive messages are sent periodically to achieve an on-going status of the communication link between the two devices. If a pre-determined percentage of keep-alive messages fail to be received or are invalid, the communication link is declared down, that is, not functioning correctly, and data exchanges between the two devices cease. Whenever the communication link is suspected to be down due to a disruption in the sending of keep-alive messages, keep-alive messages are sent at an accelerated rate. Thus, after a pre-determined number of valid responses are received the communication link can be declared functioning normally and data exchanges between the two devices can continue.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing a signal on an intermediate network node at an edge of a provider packet-switched network to support a link-layer virtual private network includes receiving a signal on a particular interface. The particular interface is for a direct communication link to a customer network node outside the provider network. It is determined whether the signal indicates that the particular interface is changing from an inactive state to an active state, whereby the signal is called first sign of life (FSOL). If it is determined that the signal is FSOL, then configuration data is determined for configuring the particular interface for the particular virtual private network. The signal is processed based on the configuration data. These techniques allow a dynamic response to new signals on a customer interface without human intervention by the provider.

Abstract: A securing device for casement windows or the like includes an abutment member secured to the master frame in the path of motion of an engaging member. The abutment member extends away from the master frame a greater distance at the end of the abutment member nearer to the inner side of the window. The engaging member is mounted to the casement frame and extends away from the casement frame a greater distance at its side closer to the outside of the window. Both the abutment member and engaging member include non-planar contacting surfaces which mate when the window is in its closed position. This arrangement of the abutment member and engaging member also prevents the casement frame from bulging away from the master frame under wind pressure. The securing device is mounted along one side of the window.