Abstract: A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The co-solvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000.

Abstract: A method of three-dimensional (3D) printing is provided. Print data is received, which defines patterns of at least one agent to be applied to a layer of build material. The print data is modified to add a further pattern of a detailing agent to be selectively applied to the layer of build material to generate fracture regions in a processed volume of build material.

Abstract: In an example, an apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object includes a build area platform, a build material distributor, a secondary material ejection device, a coalescing agent ejection device, and a controller. The controller may control the secondary material ejection device to eject a secondary material in a predefined pattern over the build area platform, control the build material distributor to distribute a layer of the build material around the ejected secondary material, control the coalescing agent ejection device to eject the coalescing agent onto the layer of the build material, and control an energy source to apply energy onto the ejected coalescing agent to cause the build material in contact with the ejected coalescing agent to coalesce and solidify.

Abstract: A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The co-solvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000.

Abstract: A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The cosolvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000.

Abstract: A method of three-dimensional (3D) printing is provided. Print data is received, which defines patterns of at least one agent to be applied to a layer of build material. These patterns are at least partially based on a 3D model of at least one object to be generated. The print data print data is processed to determine regions which are distant from said patterns. The print data is modified to add a further pattern of a detailing agent to be selectively applied to the layer of build material to generate fracture regions in a processed volume of build material.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3-dimensional printing, 3-dimensional printing systems, and 3-dimensional printed parts. A material set can include a polyamide polymer powder having an average particle size from 20 ?m to 120 ?m and a fusing agent. The polyamide-12 powder can include greater than 80 meq/g carboxylic end groups and less than 40 meq/g amino end groups. The fusing agent can include an energy absorber capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation to produce heat.

Abstract: A coalescing agent for three-dimensional (3D) printing includes a co-solvent, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water. The cosolvent is present in an amount ranging from about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a total wt % of the coalescing agent. The surfactant is present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 1.4 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The carbon black pigment is present in an amount ranging from about 3.0 wt % to about 6.0 wt % of the total wt % of the coalescing agent. The polymeric dispersant has a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 12,000 to about 20,000.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) printing system includes a fabrication bed, a build material to be introduced into the fabrication bed, an inkjet applicator, a coalescing agent to be selectively introduced by the inkjet applicator onto the build material in the fabrication bed, and a radiation source to expose the coalescing agent and the build material in the fabrication bed to electromagnetic radiation. The coalescing agent includes a co-solvent having a boiling point of less than 300 C, a surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value that is less than 10, a carbon black pigment, a polymeric dispersant, and a balance of water.

Abstract: A method for improving gloss of a print includes configuring a printing system to deposit ink drops from a plurality of inks in an ink set onto a print surface. During the depositing, the printing system is further configured to control micro-coalescence of the ink drops. The micro-coalescence is controlled by i) depositing the ink drops onto the print surface according to a predefined order of color based upon solids content, ii) adjusting a number of printing passes, iii) adjusting a delay time between the printing passes, and/or iv) depositing different amounts of the ink drops onto the print surface during different printing passes.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture to control gloss quality in printed images are disclosed. A disclosed example apparatus includes a print engine to print a plurality of images for respective ones of a plurality of colors, each image representing a plurality of different print parameter combinations, a scan module to measure a first plurality of light reflectances for respective ones of the plurality of images and the print parameter combinations, and a calibrator to calibrate an operation of the print engine for respective ones of the plurality of colors based on the first plurality of measured light reflectances, the operations of the print engine including at least one of an order of ink application, a rate of ink application, a density of ink application, or an applied amount of gloss enhancer.