Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation, includes a first compound and a solvent. The first compound includes a first group represented by formula (1) and a partial structure comprising an aromatic ring. In the formula (1), R1 represents a single bond or an oxygen atom, R2 represents a divalent chain or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and * denotes a bonding site to a moiety other than the first group of the first compound.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation contains: a compound having a partial structure represented by the following formula (1); and a solvent. In the formula (1): X represents a group represented by formula (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv). In the formula (i): R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms provided that at least one of R1 and R2 represents the substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; or R1 and R2 taken together represent a part of a ring structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the carbon atom to which R1 and R2 bond.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation contains a compound having a group represented by formula (1), and a solvent. R1 represents an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having a valency of (m+n), wherein the carbon atoms include two carbon atoms that are adjacent to each other, with a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group bonding to one of the two carbon atoms, and with a hydrogen atom bonding to another of the two carbon atoms; L1 represents an ethynediyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted ethenediyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 1 to 3; * denotes a bonding site to a moiety other than the group represented by the formula (1) in the compound; and m is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation contains: a compound having a partial structure represented by the following formula (1); and a solvent. In the formula (1): X represents a group represented by formula (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv). In the formula (i): R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms provided that at least one of R1 and R2 represents the substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms; or R1 and R2 taken together represent a part of a ring structure having 3 to 20 ring atoms together with the carbon atom to which R1 and R2 bond.

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a solvent, and a compound comprising an aromatic ring. The solvent includes a first solvent having a normal boiling point of less than 156° C., and a second solvent having a normal boiling point of no less than 156° C. and less than 300° C. The resist underlayer film-forming composition is for use in forming a resist underlayer film to be overlaid on a patterned substrate. A production method of a patterned substrate includes applying the resist underlayer film-forming composition on a patterned substrate to obtain a coating film on the patterned substrate. The coating film is heated to obtain a resist underlayer film. A resist pattern is formed on an upper face side of the resist underlayer film. The resist underlayer film and the substrate are etched using the resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A cleaning method of an immersion liquid includes supplying an immersion liquid on a surface of a cleaning substrate. The immersion liquid is to be used in a liquid immersion lithography apparatus. The cleaning substrate has a substrate and an organic film laminated on a top face side of the substrate. The immersion liquid is allowed to move on the substrate to remove contaminants from the immersion liquid.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation contains a compound having a group represented by formula (1), and a solvent. R1 represents an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having a valency of (m+n), wherein the carbon atoms include two carbon atoms that are adjacent to each other, with a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group bonding to one of the two carbon atoms, and with a hydrogen atom bonding to another of the two carbon atoms; L1 represents an ethynediyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted ethenediyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is an integer of 1 to 3; * denotes a bonding site to a moiety other than the group represented by the formula (1) in the compound; and m is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A composition for resist underlayer film formation, includes a first compound and a solvent. The first compound includes a first group represented by formula (1) and a partial structure comprising an aromatic ring. In the formula (1), R1 represents a single bond or an oxygen atom, R2 represents a divalent chain or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and * denotes a bonding site to a moiety other than the first group of the first compound.

Abstract: A pattern-forming method comprises: forming a resist underlayer film on an upper face side of a substrate; forming a silicon-containing film on an upper face side of the resist underlayer film; and removing at least a part of the resist underlayer film and at least a part of the silicon-containing film with a basic aqueous solution. Preferably, the pattern-forming method further comprises, after the forming of the silicon-containing film and before the removing of the resist underlayer film and the silicon-containing film, forming a resist pattern on an upper face side of the silicon-containing film, and etching the silicon-containing film using the resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A composition comprises a compound comprising a partial structure represented by formula (1) and comprising an intermolecular bond-forming group; and a solvent. X1 and X2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted ring structure having 4 to 10 ring atoms constituted taken together with a spiro carbon atom and carbon atoms of an aromatic ring. R1 and R2 each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group or a monovalent organic group. a1 and a2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; k1 and k2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. A sum of k1 and k2 is no less than 1, and a sum of a1 and k1. A sum of a2 and k2 are no greater than 8.

Abstract: A pattern-forming method comprises: forming a resist underlayer film on an upper face side of a substrate; forming a silicon-containing film on an upper face side of the resist underlayer film; and removing at least a part of the resist underlayer film and at least a part of the silicon-containing film with a basic aqueous solution. Preferably, the pattern-forming method further comprises, after the forming of the silicon-containing film and before the removing of the resist underlayer film and the silicon-containing film, forming a resist pattern on an upper face side of the silicon-containing film, and etching the silicon-containing film using the resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A method comprises applying a composition on a substrate to form a coating film on the substrate. The coating film is heated in an atmosphere in which an oxygen concentration is less than 1% by volume and a temperature is higher than 450° C. and 800° C. or lower, to form a film on the substrate. The composition comprises a compound comprising an aromatic ring. The oxygen concentration in the atmosphere during the heating of the coating film is preferably no greater than 0.1% by volume. The temperature in the atmosphere during the heating of the coating film is preferably 500° C. or higher and 600° C. or lower.

Abstract: A composition comprises a compound comprising a partial structure represented by formula (1) and comprising an intermolecular bond-forming group; and a solvent. X1 and X2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted ring structure having 4 to 10 ring atoms constituted taken together with a spiro carbon atom and carbon atoms of an aromatic ring. R1 and R2 each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group or a monovalent organic group. a1 and a2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; k1 and k2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. A sum of k1 and k2 is no less than 1, and a sum of a1 and k1. A sum of a2 and k2 are no greater than 8.

Abstract: A resist underlayer film-forming composition includes a solvent, and a compound comprising an aromatic ring. The solvent includes a first solvent having a normal boiling point of less than 156° C., and a second solvent having a normal boiling point of no less than 156° C. and less than 300° C. The resist underlayer film-forming composition is for use in forming a resist underlayer film to be overlaid on a patterned substrate. A production method of a patterned substrate includes applying the resist underlayer film-forming composition on a patterned substrate to obtain a coating film on the patterned substrate. The coating film is heated to obtain a resist underlayer film. A resist pattern is formed on an upper face side of the resist underlayer film. The resist underlayer film and the substrate are etched using the resist pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A cleaning method of an immersion liquid includes supplying an immersion liquid on a surface of a cleaning substrate. The immersion liquid is to be used in a liquid immersion lithography apparatus. The cleaning substrate has a substrate and an organic film laminated on a top face side of the substrate. The immersion liquid is allowed to move on the substrate to remove contaminants from the immersion liquid.

Abstract: A composition comprises a compound comprising a partial structure represented by formula (1) and comprising an intermolecular bond-forming group; and a solvent. X1 and X2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted ring structure having 4 to 10 ring atoms constituted taken together with a spiro carbon atom and carbon atoms of an aromatic ring. R1 and R2 each independently represent a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group or a monovalent organic group. a1 and a2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; k1 and k2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 8. A sum of k1 and k2 is no less than 1, and a sum of a1 and k1. A sum of a2 and k2 are no greater than 8.

Abstract: A composition comprises a compound and a solvent. The compound comprises a carbon-carbon triple bond-containing group, and at least one partial structure having an aromatic ring. A total number of benzene nuclei constituting the aromatic ring in the at least one partial structure is no less than 4. The at least one partial structure preferably comprises a partial structure represented by formula (1). The sum of p1, p2, p3 and p4 is preferably no less than 1. At least one of R1 to R4 preferably represents a monovalent carbon-carbon triple bond-containing group. The at least one partial structure also preferably comprises a partial structure represented by formula (2). The sum of q1, q2, q3 and q4 is preferably no less than 1. At least one of R5 to R8 preferably represents a monovalent carbon-carbon triple bond-containing group.

Abstract: A composition comprises: a compound having one partial structure represented by formula (1), and a solvent. n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and k1 and k2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 9. The compound preferably has an intermolecular bond-forming group. The compound is preferably represented by formula (2). Z represents the partial structure represented by the formula (1); Ar1 and Ar2 represent a substituted or unsubstituted arenediyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; Ar3 and Ar4 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; and p1 and p2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A composition for film formation includes a compound represented by formula (1) and a solvent. In the formula (1), R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent a group represented by the formula (a). In the formula (a), RA represents a hydrogen atom, an aryl group, or an alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one of a hydroxy group and an aryl group. RB represents a single bond or an arylene group. A part or all of hydrogen atoms on an aromatic ring of the aryl group and the arylene group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a sulfanyl group, or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and not including an aromatic ring.

Abstract: A method comprises applying a composition on a substrate to form a coating film on the substrate. The coating film is heated in an atmosphere in which an oxygen concentration is less than 1% by volume and a temperature is higher than 450° C. and 800° C. or lower, to form a film on the substrate. The composition comprises a compound comprising an aromatic ring. The oxygen concentration in the atmosphere during the heating of the coating film is preferably no greater than 0.1% by volume. The temperature in the atmosphere during the heating of the coating film is preferably 500° C. or higher and 600° C. or lower.