Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention includes rotating an integrated disc formed by temporarily fixing an initialization reference plate to an uninitialized optical disc that is an optical disc to be irradiated with a light beam of light having a predetermined or higher intensity to record information as a recording mark. The initialization reference plate has a reference part that reflects at least a part of a servo light beam of servo light intended for servo control. The reference part contains information that indicates the position of a track of the optical disc for the recording mark to be formed on, in the form of a track of pit-and-projection pattern.

Abstract: In an optical disk, a substrate has main data recorded in the form of a combination of pits and lands on one side thereof, and at least a reflective layer and cover layer are stacked on the substrate to cover the pits and lands on the substrate. To the optical disk, sub data is recorded in the form of marks formed by irradiating writing-power laser light to the reflective layer. The marks are formed so that reading signal level will be raised where the marks are formed while it will be lowered where the marks are formed in a counterfeit disk produced based on an authenticated disk, namely, the reading signal level where the marks are formed is different in polarity between in the authenticated and counterfeit disks. Further, in a player for the optical disk, discrimination is made between the authenticated and counterfeit disks by detecting the sub data recorded in the optical disk and judging whether the value of the detected sub data has been read at a correct polarity.

Abstract: An optical element includes: a pit forming portion of a material that forms a pit in the vicinity of each focal point of a predetermined light beam upon condensation, wherein the pits are formed in such a manner that the volume percentage of the pits with respect to the material at distances from a light incident face becomes smaller away from the incident face.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell provided with an anode and a cathode, a first container for storing a liquid fuel to be supplied to the anode, a second container provided in the first container to contain liquid and gas, a joint which is provided in the first container and discharges the liquid fuel outside the first container, an outlet pipe connecting the joint to the second container, and a remaining indicator window provided to make the interior of the outlet pipe is viewable. Further, an alert color is applied to an area that becomes viewable when the gas is flowing through the outlet pipe, the color being applied on the area opposite to the remaining indicator window across the outlet pipe.

Abstract: Corrosion of a metal portion such as a pipe connected to a fuel cell stack is suppressed. The fuel cell stack has a plurality of single cells which generate electrical power using an aqueous methanol solution and air and are stacked in a vertical direction. An inlet of a fuel supply manifold for distributing the aqueous methanol solution to each cell and an outlet of a fuel discharge manifold for collecting the fuel discharged from the single cells are provided in a common conductive end plate. Hence, when the discharge fuel discharged from the fuel cell stack is circulated and resupplied to the stack, the potential of the discharged fuel becomes equal to that of the liquid fuel to be supplied to the stack, whereby the corrosion of the metal portion such as a pipe, a tank, a pump, or a heat exchanger is suppressed.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus reproducing information on the basis of a standing wave recorded on a disc-like volume type recording medium includes: a first focus position adjusting unit configured to adjust the position of a focus on which a first light beam focuses inside a recording layer inside the volume type recording medium in the optical axis direction of the first light beam; a second focus position adjusting unit configured to adjust the position of a focus on which a second light beam focuses inside the recording layer in the optical axis direction of the second light beam; a controller configured to control the first focus position adjusting unit and the second focus position adjusting unit; and first and second detectors configured to detect the first and second reproduction light beams.

Abstract: An optical information reproducing apparatus includes: an irradiation section irradiating a light beam onto an optical information recording medium, in which holes are formed along a virtual track on a recording medium, along the virtual track; a light receiving section receiving a reflected light beam when the light beam is reflected by the optical information recording medium and sequentially generating a light receiving signal corresponding to the light intensity; a detection section detecting a variation pattern appearing when a signal level of the light receiving signal changes according to the hole; and a code string generating section, when generating a code string corresponding to the signal level, generating a code corresponding to the one hole from the variation pattern if the variation pattern falls within a range and generating a code string, which includes a plurality of codes, from the variation pattern if the variation pattern exceeds the range.

Abstract: A laser driving device includes: a pulse signal generating unit that, after a voltage has risen from a predetermined reference voltage to a predetermined output voltage and a time of a sum of an oscillation period of relaxation oscillation and a light emission start time in a predetermined laser diode has nearly elapsed, generates a pulse signal having a waveform that falls divisionally in two or more stages from the output voltage to the reference voltage; and an output unit that generates a laser drive signal by performing signal processing on the pulse signal and outputs the signal to the laser diode.

Abstract: A fuel cell power generation system which adjusts the amount of fuel, in a fuel cell power generation apparatus, into a predefined range is provided. A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell power generation apparatus, a control means which has the fuel cell power generation apparatus output a preset electric power value, and a power supply unit which charges and supplies an electric power to an external. The control means changes the electric power value outputted from the fuel cell power generation apparatus, based on the status of liquid fuel detected by a fuel state detecting means.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an optical disc player adapted to record a unique ID on a read-only optical disc and positively read the unique ID from the optical disc. The optical disc (1) played with this player has a specific physical cluster in which the unique ID is to be recorded. The optical disc (1) used herein is normally molded by a molding machine using a molding die. Thereafter, a unique ID is generated for each of the optical discs (1), and high-power laser light is irradiated to a specific land in the specific physical cluster correspondingly to the bit value of the unique ID to transit the land to a pit. The physical cluster has provided therein a first area where each bit in the unique ID is recorded by the lazering in case the bit value is 0 and a second area where each bit in the unique ID is recorded by the lazering in case the bit value is 1.

Abstract: The present invention can control output of pulses from a semiconductor laser. In the present invention, a short-pulse light source (1) applies a laser drive voltage (DJ) having a pulse-shaped drive voltage pulse (DJw) to a semiconductor laser (3), thereby causing the semiconductor laser (3) to emit specific output light (LAp), as laser light (LL), having a pulse-shaped specific peak (APK) and a specific slope (ASP), an emission intensity of the specific slope (ASP) being lower than an emission intensity of the specific peak (APK). The short-pulse light source (1) controls a voltage pulse half-width (Thalf), which is a pulse width of the drive voltage pulse (DJw), by setting a pulse width (Ws) of a set pulse (SLs), thereby adjusting a ratio between the specific peak (APK) and the specific slope (ASP).

Abstract: An optical disk is disclosed. The optical disk includes a substrate having lands and pits arranged and formed along a recording track so that data are recorded; a reflective film deposited on the substrate; and a protective layer formed on the reflective film, where an edge of the pits in the array direction is irradiated with light from a side of the protective layer to deform the pits, so that pit data are rewritten and recorded, and the reflective film includes an alloy formed of AlFeX having Al as a main component, where X contains any one or more of Ti, Cu, Au, Pt, and Si.

Abstract: The recording accuracy of information on an optical disc is increased. An information optical system (150) of an optical disc apparatus (110) enables a semiconductor laser (3) to sequentially output specific peak light (LEP) and specific slope light (LES) as an information light beam (LM) and enables the correction lens (162) to change the divergence angle of the specific peak light (LEP) so that an absorption change area (RA) by the specific peak light (LEP) can be positioned at a far position in the recording layer (101). Thus, it is possible to form an energy concentration area (RE) by the specific slope light (LES) in the vicinity of a target position (QG), and the recording accuracy of information on the optical disc (100) can be increased.

Abstract: There is disclosed a power source system capable of lengthening life and realizing a highly efficient operation while meeting user's needs. The power source system includes a fuel cell which generates power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent, and a secondary battery which is charged and discharged, wherein the secondary battery is charged by the fuel cell, and the power is taken from the secondary battery. The power source system further comprises a charge control unit which charges the secondary battery with the power generated by the fuel cell, and this charge control unit has a function of switching a mode to charge the secondary battery by the fuel cell in accordance with a frequency with which the power is taken from the secondary battery.

Abstract: An optical information recording medium includes a recording layer in which a track is formed, the track having recording marks linearly arranged thereon. Each recording mark has a dimension corresponding to a reference mark length, which serves as a reference, in a track direction along which the track extends, the dimension being smaller than dimensions of the recording mark in two directions perpendicular to the track direction.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus includes a light separator configured to separate a light beam emitted from a light source into a main beam and a sub-beam, an objective lens configured to, when the light beam is condensed and irradiated to an optical disc having a uniform recording layer in which a track is formed by record marks, irradiate at least part of the sub-beam to an area where the main beam is not irradiated in a radial direction which is defined as a direction of radius of the optical disc, and a signal generating unit configured to generate a mark layer distance signal, representing a distance between a focus of the light beam and a mark layer to which the track belongs, based on a return light beam resulting from at least one of the main beam and the sub-beam, which has been irradiated to the track.

Abstract: An optical information recording device includes a semiconductor laser for emitting laser light, a light irradiation section for collecting the laser light and irradiating an optical information recording medium with the laser light, and a laser controller for supplying the semiconductor laser with a laser drive current wave in pulse form. The laser drive current wave has an oscillation current value that causes a relaxation oscillation of the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a fuel tank, a first passage which supplies liquid fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel cell, a cartridge holder in which a plurality of types of cartridges are replaceably loaded, a second passage which supplies the content discharged from the cartridge to the fuel cell, a cartridge detector which detects the type of cartridge loaded in the cartridge holder, and a passage control means which controls the passages in accordance with the type of cartridge detected.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention includes rotating an integrated disc formed by temporarily fixing an initialization reference plate to an uninitialized optical disc that is an optical disc to be irradiated with a light beam of light having a predetermined or higher intensity to record information as a recording mark. The initialization reference plate has a reference part that reflects at least a part of a servo light beam of servo light intended for servo control. The reference part contains information that indicates the position of a track of the optical disc for the recording mark to be formed on, in the form of a track of pit-and-projection pattern.

Abstract: An optical disc recording device includes: an optical disc device to record optical recording data onto an optical disc; a recording data assigning unit to divide a recording region on the optical disc into multiple divisions, part as a data region, assign optical recording data thereto; a redundancy data calculating unit to calculate redundancy data for restoring recorded data; a redundancy data assigning unit to take divided regions other than the data region as a redundancy region, and assign the corresponding redundancy data thereto; a recording/playing device having a recording capacity greater than the data region; and a recording control unit configured to record optical recording data in the data region and also at least a part thereof in the recording/playing device, cause the recording/playing device to play the optical recording data recorded therein at the time of calculating redundancy data, and record calculated redundancy data in the redundancy region.