Abstract: An alternate root tree or graph structure for ray and path tracing enables dynamic instancing build time decisions to split any number of geometry acceleration structures in a manner that is developer transparent, nearly memory storage neutral, and traversal efficient. The resulting traversals only need to partially traverse the acceleration structure, which improves efficiency. One example use reduces the number of false positive instance acceleration structure to geometry acceleration structure transitions for many spatially separated instances of the same geometry.

Abstract: A method of determining odds of a possible outcome of an event which occurs during a contest is disclosed. The contest may be a sporting contest such as a football game. The method includes accepting a set of one or more current parameter values (such as score or field position) which influence the likelihood of the possible event outcome (such as the likelihood of a running play). The set of current parameter values is used to retrieve situation-specific likelihood data from a data store. Odds associated with the possible outcome are set based at least in part on the likelihood data. The odds may be adjusted using one or more non-situation-specific factors indicating an average likelihood of the event outcome (such as an average likelihood of a running play for a team regardless of situation). The method may expedite odds determination. An associated system and machine readable medium are also disclosed.