Abstract: A small-sample dialyzer having dialysis cells comprising a plastic tube covered on one end with a dialysis membrane, the dialysis cells being mounted in a cell holder positioned to place the membrane on the cells in contact with the liquid in the container into which an ingredient in the sample is to dialyze. The dialysis process may take place without external agitation, with agitation by magnetic means, or, agitation by means of a linear shaker apparatus.

Abstract: A milling apparatus having a milling disc which is rotated about its axis by a motor and a tubular milling member having one end supported in contact with the milling disc with the axis of the tubular milling member being eccentric with respect to the axis of the milling disc and held in place by a support arm. Milling good is supplied to the tubular member by means of a funnel member supported in the tubular member. A variable spring system permits the adjustment of pressure between the tubular member and the disc. The milled material is removed from the milling disc by means of a scraper or by centrifugal force.

Abstract: An improved transverse-discharge gas laser tube is provided by positioning thermionic cathodes diametrically opposite each other across the plasma location with anodes positioned at 90.degree. to the cathodes all contained within an electron repelling envelope. Laser configurations for both large and small circular cross-section plasmas are disclosed. A thermionic cathode plasma slab laser with a magnetic field that may be modulated to provide modulation of the laser beam is also disclosed.