Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter includes a current cell array including a plurality of current cells, each current cell of the plurality of current cells being configured to generate a current of a same magnitude; a first pattern connecting first current cells, among the plurality of current cells, arranged along a diagonal line of the current cell array; a second pattern connecting second current cells, among the plurality of current cells, arranged along a first oblique line parallel to the diagonal line; and a third pattern connecting third current cells, among the plurality of current cells, arranged along a second oblique line parallel to the diagonal line, the third pattern being electrically connected to the second pattern, wherein the diagonal line is between the first oblique line and the second oblique line.

Abstract: A latch circuit and an equalizer including the same are provided. The equalizer includes: an even data path configured to receive a reception data signal and including a first summing circuit and a first latch circuit; and an odd data path configured to receive the reception data signal and including a second summing circuit and a second latch circuit. An even data signal output from the first latch circuit is configured to be input to the second summing circuit, and an odd data signal output from the second latch circuit is configured to be input to the first summing circuit. Each of the first latch circuit and the second latch circuit includes a latch and a multiplexer.

Abstract: Provided is an equalizer including: an input amplifier configured to amplify and output an input signal; a first equalization circuit including a first sampling circuit, a first arithmetic circuit, and a second arithmetic circuit, the first sampling circuit being configured to generate and output 1-1 to 1-N feedback signals, wherein N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; and a second equalization circuit including a second sampling circuit, a third arithmetic circuit, and a fourth arithmetic circuit, the second sampling circuit being configured to generate and output 2-1 to 2-M feedback signals, wherein M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

Abstract: Provided are a summing circuit and an equalizer including the summing circuit. The summing circuit includes: a reference signal generator generating a first reference signal and a second reference signal, based on a coefficient code; a first non-overlap clock buffer generating a first switching signal and a second switching signal by using the first reference signal; and a first current source receiving the first switching signal and the second switching signal generated by the first non-overlap clock buffer, generating a first output current by using a bias voltage, and outputting the first output current to an output line, wherein the first switching signal includes a switching signal and a complementary switching signal that is a complementary signal to the switching signal, and wherein a logic low period of the second switching signal is included in a logic high period of the complementary switching signal of the first switching signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit including a first bias current generating circuit. The first bias current generating circuit includes a first amplifier receiving a reference voltage and a first voltage and amplifying a difference between them to output a first output voltage, a first bias current generator receiving the first output voltage and outputting a first bias current in response to the first output voltage, a variable resistor receiving the first bias current and outputting the first voltage in response to the first bias current and a calibration code, a second bias current generator receiving the first output voltage and outputting a second bias current to a peripheral circuit in response to the first output voltage, and a third bias current generator receiving the first output voltage and outputting a third bias current to an external device through a first pad in response to the first output voltage.

Abstract: A latch circuit and an equalizer including the same are provided. The equalizer includes: an even data path configured to receive a reception data signal and including a first summing circuit and a first latch circuit; and an odd data path configured to receive the reception data signal and including a second summing circuit and a second latch circuit. An even data signal output from the first latch circuit is configured to be input to the second summing circuit, and an odd data signal output from the second latch circuit is configured to be input to the first summing circuit. Each of the first latch circuit and the second latch circuit includes a latch and a multiplexer.

Abstract: Provided are a summing circuit and an equalizer including the summing circuit. The summing circuit includes: a reference signal generator generating a first reference signal and a second reference signal, based on a coefficient code; a first non-overlap clock buffer generating a first switching signal and a second switching signal by using the first reference signal; and a first current source receiving the first switching signal and the second switching signal generated by the first non-overlap clock buffer, generating a first output current by using a bias voltage, and outputting the first output current to an output line, wherein the first switching signal includes a switching signal and a complementary switching signal that is a complementary signal to the switching signal, and wherein a logic low period of the second switching signal is included in a logic high period of the complementary switching signal of the first switching signal.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter includes a current cell array including a plurality of current cells, each current cell of the plurality of current cells being configured to generate a current of a same magnitude; a first pattern connecting first current cells, among the plurality of current cells, arranged along a diagonal line of the current cell array; a second pattern connecting second current cells, among the plurality of current cells, arranged along a first oblique line parallel to the diagonal line; and a third pattern connecting third current cells, among the plurality of current cells, arranged along a second oblique line parallel to the diagonal line, the third pattern being electrically connected to the second pattern, wherein the diagonal line is between the first oblique line and the second oblique line.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is provided. The integrated circuit includes: an active region extending in a first direction; gate electrodes extending in a second direction in parallel with each other; source/drain regions provided on the active region between the gate electrodes; a first gate contact connected to the gate electrodes and extending in the first direction; a first gate wiring pattern provided in a first wiring layer, electrically connected to the gate electrodes through the first gate contact, and overlapping the first gate contact along a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions; and source/drain wiring patterns provided in a second wiring layer, electrically connected to the source/drain regions, respectively, extending in parallel with the second direction, and overlapping the source/drain regions along the third direction, the second wiring layer being provided on the first wiring layer.

Abstract: Provided is an equalizer including: an input amplifier configured to amplify and output an input signal; a first equalization circuit including a first sampling circuit, a first arithmetic circuit, and a second arithmetic circuit, the first sampling circuit being configured to generate and output 1-1 to 1-N feedback signals, wherein N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2; and a second equalization circuit including a second sampling circuit, a third arithmetic circuit, and a fourth arithmetic circuit, the second sampling circuit being configured to generate and output 2-1 to 2-M feedback signals, wherein M is a natural number greater than or equal to 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit including a first bias current generating circuit. The first bias current generating circuit includes a first amplifier receiving a reference voltage and a first voltage and amplifying a difference between them to output a first output voltage, a first bias current generator receiving the first output voltage and outputting a first bias current in response to the first output voltage, a variable resistor receiving the first bias current and outputting the first voltage in response to the first bias current and a calibration code, a second bias current generator receiving the first output voltage and outputting a second bias current to a peripheral circuit in response to the first output voltage, and a third bias current generator receiving the first output voltage and outputting a third bias current to an external device through a first pad in response to the first output voltage.

Abstract: An oscillator and method for operation of the oscillator are provided. The oscillator includes a control voltage generator configured to generate a control voltage based on dividing a power voltage that was received, an offset voltage generator configured to generate an offset voltage based on dividing the power voltage that was received, a phase locked loop (PLL) including a varactor circuit configured to modify a capacitance based on the control voltage and the offset voltage, and a calibration logic circuit configured to provide a selection control signal to the control voltage generator based on the oscillation signal, and configured to provide an offset control signal to the offset voltage generator based on the oscillation signal.

Abstract: An oscillator and method for operation of the oscillator are provided. The oscillator includes a control voltage generator configured to generate a control voltage based on dividing a power voltage that was received, an offset voltage generator configured to generate an offset voltage based on dividing the power voltage that was received, a phase locked loop (PLL) including a varactor circuit configured to modify a capacitance based on the control voltage and the offset voltage, and a calibration logic circuit configured to provide a selection control signal to the control voltage generator based on the oscillation signal, and configured to provide an offset control signal to the offset voltage generator based on the oscillation signal.