Abstract: UV-Absorbing and fluorescent pI markers for isoelectric focusing separations and fluorescent labeling, and methods for making and using the markers.

Abstract: A solid phase reagent and method for simultaneously capturing and fluorescently labeling an analyte with multiple reactive sites to provide a mono-labeled analyte are disclosed. The reagent can be used in the method and comprises a plurality of analyte-reactive groups tethered to a porous solid phase, wherein each analyte-reactive group is covalently attached to a fluorescent group either directly or indirectly, wherein the distance between adjacent analyte-reactive groups is greater than the gyration radius of a captured analyte; the fluorescent group is covalently attached to a cleavable anchor group either directly or through a first spacer; and the cleavable anchor group is covalently attached to the solid phase either directly or through a second spacer, wherein the solid phase is a porous solid or a porous gel.

Abstract: UV-Absorbing and fluorescent pl markers for isoelectric focusing separations and fluorescent labeling, and methods for making and using the markers.

Abstract: Water-soluble, UV-absorbing and/or fluorescing compound having an isoelectric point greater than 10, can be obtained using molecules chosen from the group of molecules consisting of those containing at least one secondary alcohol OH group with a pKa value greater than 10 and at least one amino group with a pKb value smaller than 5, those containing at least one primary alcohol OH group and at least one secondary alcohol OH group with respective pKa values greater than 10 and at least one amino el group with a pKb value smaller than 5 or a quaternary ammonium group, and those containing at least two secondary alcohol OH groups with respective pKb values greater than 10 and at least one amino group with a pKb value smaller than 5 or a quaternary ammonium group; and having at least one UV absorbing group or at least one fluorescing group or a combination thereof. The invention includes methods for producing such compounds.

Abstract: UV-Absorbing and fluorescent pl markers for isoelectric focusing separations and fluorescent labeling, and methods for making and using the markers.

Abstract: Solid phase fluorescent labeling reagents (SPR) are described that simultaneously capture and label analytes, and then efficiently release the labeled-analytes under mild conditions (SCaLER).

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus for measuring, characterizing and/or altering a composition of a sample. The apparatus comprises an anode compartment having an anode and a cathode compartment having a cathode. The anode and cathode are spaced at a distance from one another to define an electric field having a direction along longitudinal axis, and between the anode and cathode compartments can be at least one separation compartment. Each compartment includes means for adding or removing a solution, a first dimension orthogonal to the direction of the electric field, a second dimension orthogonal to the electric field and the first dimension, and a third dimension parallel to the electric field and orthogonal to the first and second dimensions. A ratio of the first and second dimensions define an aspect ratio, at least one aspect ratio being less than one. An ion-permeable barrier is positioned between each compartment to prevent convective mixing therebetween.

Abstract: Water-soluble, UV-absorbing and/or fluorescing compound having an isoelectric point greater than 10, can be obtained using molecules chosen from the group of molecules consisting of those containing at least one secondary alcohol OH group with a PKa value greater than 10 and at least one amino group with a pKb value smaller than 5, those containing at least one primary alcohol OH group and at least one secondary alcohol OH group with respective PKa values greater than 10 and at least one amino group with a pKb value smaller than 5 or a quaternary ammonium group, and those containing at least two secondary alcohol OH groups with respective pKa values greater than 10 and at least one amno group with a pKb value smaller than 5 or a quaternary ammonium group; and having at least one UV absorbing group or at least one fluorescing group or a combination thereof. The invention includes methods for producing such compounds.

Abstract: An hydrolytically stable isoelectric hydrogel material comprising a single isoelectric compound having a defined pI value from 1 to 12 being incorporated into a hydrogel formed by reacting an oligo- or polyhydroxy compound with the single iso-electric compound and a difunctional or oligofunctional crosslinker, wherein after incorporation of the single isoelectric compound into the hydrogel, the hydrogel material become's an ampholytic material.

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus for measuring, characterizing and/or altering a composition of a sample. The apparatus comprises an anode compartment having an anode and a cathode compartment having a cathode. The anode and cathode are spaced at a distance from one another to define an electric field having a direction along a longitudinal axis, and between the anode and cathode compartments can be at least one separation compartment. Each compartment includes means for adding or removing a solution, a first dimension orthogonal to the direction of the electric field, a second dimension orthogonal to the electric field and the first dimension, and a third dimension parallel to the electric field and orthogonal to the first and second dimensions. A ratio of the first and second dimensions define an aspect ratio, at least one aspect ratio being less than one. An ion-permeable barrier is positioned between each compartment to prevent convective mixing therebetween.

Abstract: A method for separating an ampholytic component by electrophoresis, the method involving placing a sample containing an ampholytic component having a pI value in an electrophoresis separation system comprising an anolyte having a pH and a catholyte having a pH, the catholyte pH being higher than the anolyte pH, one or more ion-permeable barriers disposed between the anolyte and catholyte wherein at least one of the barriers is an isoelectric barrier having a pI value which is higher than the anolyte pH and lower than the catholyte pH; providing an isoelectric buffer having a pI value higher than the pH of the anolyte and lower than the pH of the catholyte and different from the pI value of the ampholytic sample component and different from the pI value of an ion-permeable isoelectric barrier; and exposing the sample to an electric potential so as to trap the ampholytic sample component in a non-isoelectric state in the presence of the isoelectric buffer in the electrophoresis system.

Abstract: Method and materials to carry out preparative-scale electrophoretic separations based on the principle of dynamically created non-co-directional effective electrophoretic mobilities are disclosed. The primary application areas of the method are in the separation, purification, enrichment, concentration or conditioning of both small and large molecular weight, weak and strong electrolyte compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, oligo- and polypeptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, etc. These objectives can be achieved based on the use of a secondary chemical equilibrium, alone or in combination with multiple protic and other secondary chemical equilibria. Though such electrophoretic operations could be achieved by other means, such as by conventional zone electrophoresis or isotachophoresis, the method disclosed here can provide greater separation power, simplicity and higher production rates.

Abstract: Ampholytic buffers having a high buffering capacity and a high conductivity in the isoelectric state were synthesized by creating molecules in which four or more bonds separate the charge-carrying or chargeable atoms of the pI-determining weak electrolyte functional groups and, simultaneously, the charge-carrying or chargeable atom of the weak or strong electrolyte charge-balancing functional group.

Abstract: An electrophoretic apparatus comprising: a first electrolyte chamber containing a first electrode; a second electrolyte chamber containing a second electrode; a first sample chamber disposed between the first and second electrolyte chambers and proximate to the first electrolyte chamber; a second sample chamber disposed between the first sample chamber and the second electrolyte; three ion-permeable barriers separating the first electrolyte chamber, the first sample chamber, the second sample chamber, and the second electrolyte chamber, respectively, wherein the ion-permeable barriers impede convective mixing of the contents in each of the respective chambers; a first electrolyte reservoir and a second electrolyte reservoir in fluid communication with the first and second electrolyte chambers, respectively; a first sample reservoir and a second sample reservoir in fluid communication with the first and second sample chambers, respectively; means adapted for communicating a first electrolyte and a second elect

Abstract: An electrophoretic apparatus comprising: a first electrolyte chamber containing a first electrode; a second electrolyte chamber containing a second electrode; a first sample chamber disposed between the first and second electrolyte chambers and proximate to the first electrolyte chamber; a second sample chamber disposed between the first sample chamber and the second electrolyte; three ion-permeable barriers separating the first electrolyte chamber, the first sample chamber, the second sample chamber, and the second electrolyte chamber, respectively, wherein the ion-permeable barriers impede convective mixing of the contents in each of the respective chambers; a first electrolyte reservoir and a second electrolyte reservoir in fluid communication with the first and second electrolyte chambers, respectively; a first sample reservoir and a second sample reservoir in fluid communication with the first and second sample chambers, respectively; means adapted for communicating a first electrolyte and a second elect

Abstract: Isoelectric focusing systems are used to analyze ampholytic analytes in a sample. These systems use an electrophoretically generated pH gradient to separate components according to their isoelectric points. This invention overcomes two shortcomings associated with these systems. First, the invention enables the detection of ampholytic analytes whose original concentration in a sample is so low that their concentration after focusing is below their respective detection limit. Auxiliary agents are added to the sample and auxiliary compartments are connected to the separation compartment to increase the final concentration of the focused ampholytic analytes in the separation compartment above their respective detection limit. The second limitation the invention overcomes is the detrimental effects of salt in a sample.

Abstract: A method for altering the initial composition of an ampholytic component containing sample by isoelectric trapping provides for selecting a first isoelectric buffer having a pI value different from the pI value of a first ampholytic sample component in the sample, contacting the isoelectric buffer with the first ampholytic sample component, and obtaining the first ampholytic sample component in a non-isoelectric state on one side of an isoelectric separation barrier at the end of an isoelectric trapping process.

Abstract: A multi-port electrophoresis system comprising: first and second electrode chambers containing a cathode and an anode respectively, wherein the electrode chambers are disposed relative to one another so that the electrodes are adapted to generate an electric field upon application of a selected electric potential therebetween; at least three adjacently disposed separation chambers disposed between the electrode chambers and separated from adjacent separation chambers and the electrode chambers by ion-permeable barriers adapted to impede convective mixing of the contents of adjacent chambers; a first electrolyte reservoir in fluid communication with at least one of the electrode chambers; at least one sample reservoir in fluid communication with at least one of the separation chambers; means adapted for communicating fluids to the first and second electrode chambers and to the at least three separation chambers; means adapted for communicating an electrolyte between the electrolyte reservoir and at least one o

Abstract: A self-adjusting, free-flowing pneumatic nebulizer interface is described for coupling fluid phase separation apparatus such as capillary electrophoresis apparatus or fluid-phase analyte delivery apparatus such as flow-injection analysis apparatus to gas phase, post-separation detection apparatus such as mass spectrometers, chemiluminescence detectors, or other similar gas phase detection apparatus. The interface combines the analytes with only the needed amount of sheath fluid to produce a combined flow whose magnitude automatically matches the self-aspiration rate of the pneumatic nebulizer interface, and which is combined with a gas flow to produce an aerosol. The resulting aerosol can then be either deposited directly on a surface, forwarded directly to a detection system or forwarded first to a conversion apparatus such as an oxidizer and the oxidized sample components are then forwarded to a detector.

Abstract: Non-interfering, cationic ion pairing reagents and cationic ion pairing reagent systems having volatile combustion products with at most halide, O or S atoms and their combinations as heteroatoms are disclosed that can be used in analytical techniques utilizing element specific detectors. The cationic ion pairing reagents and cationic ion pairing reagent systems have volatile combustion products with at most halide, O or S atoms as heteroatoms. Also, analytical techniques are disclosed using these cationic ion pairing reagents and cationic ion pairing reagent systems.