Abstract: Cleaning compositions which, as powder or as aqueous formulation based on sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and/or sugar, comprise a water-soluble polymeric polycarboxylate as dispersant with the exception of those formulations containing only sodium bicarbonate and polyaspartic acids and/or their salts, to the use of these cleaning compositions for the abrasive cleaning of hard surfaces. A method for cleaning surfaces contaminated with deposits using these cleaning compositions.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine by telomerization of butadiene with ammonia in a two-phase system in the presence of hydrophilic palladium complexes, characterized in that octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine and octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine are isolated separately from one another from the reaction mixture present after telomerization, and the octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine isolated in this way is subjected to an isomerization reaction to form octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine, and also novel triphenylphosphine mono- and dimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates) and the use of triphenylphosphine trimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates), triphenylphosphine trimethyltri(sodium sulphonates) and triphenylphosphine trifluorodi- and tri(sodium sulphonates) as ligands for the preparation of palladium complexes.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine by telomerization of butadiene with ammonia in a two-phase system in the presence of hydrophilic palladium complexes, characterized in that octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine and octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine are isolated separately from one another from the reaction mixture present after telomerization, and the octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine isolated in this way is subjected to an isomerization reaction to form octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine, and also novel triphenylphosphine mono- and dimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates) and the use of triphenylphosphine trimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates), triphenylphosphine trimethyltri(sodium sulphonates) and triphenylphosphine trifluorodi- and tri(sodium sulphonates) as ligands for the preparation of palladium complexes.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine by telomerization of butadiene with ammonia in a two-phase system in the presence of hydrophilic palladium complexes, characterized in that octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine and octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine are isolated separately from one another from the reaction mixture present after telomerization, and the octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine isolated in this way is subjected to an isomerization reaction to form octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine, and also novel triphenylphosphine mono- and dimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates) and the use of triphenylphosphine trimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates), triphenylphosphine trimethyltri(sodium sulphonates) and triphenylphosphine trifluorodi- and tri(sodium sulphonates) as ligands for the preparation of palladium complexes.

Abstract: In a process for the telomerization of dienes with nucleophiles in a liquid two-phase system, use is made as catalysts of complexes comprising a transition metal as central atom and at least one tris-(hydroxyalkyl)-phosphine or -phosphine oxide as ligand. The use as catalysts of compounds comprising a transition metal as central atom and at least one tris-(hydroxy-C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkyl)-phosphine or -phosphine oxide as ligand, new compounds of this type and aqueous solutions of such compounds are likewise described.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine by telomerization of butadiene with ammonia in a two-phase system in the presence of hydrophilic palladium complexes, characterized in that octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine and octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine are isolated separately from one another from the reaction mixture present after telomerization, and the octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine isolated in this way is subjected to an isomerization reaction to form octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine, and also novel triphenylphosphine mono- and dimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates) and the use of triphenylphosphine trimethoxytri(sodium sulphonates), triphenylphosphine trimethyltri(sodium sulphonates) and triphenylphosphine trifluorodi- and tri(sodium sulphonates) as ligands for the preparation of palladium complexes.

Abstract: The combination comprising iminodisuccinates of the formula ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meaning given in the description and polymers containing recurring succinic acid units improve the properties of detergents or cleaners.

Abstract: In a process for the telomerization of dienes with nucleophiles in a liquid two-phase system, use is made as catalysts of complexes comprising a transition metal as central atom and at least one tris-(hydroxyalkyl)-phosphine or -phosphine oxide as ligand. The use as catalysts of compounds comprising a transition metal as central atom and at least one tris-(hydroxy-C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkyl)-phosphine or -phosphine oxide as ligand, new compounds of this type and aqueous solutions of such compounds are likewise described.

Abstract: Octa-2,7-dienyl-1-amine and octa-1,7-dienyl-3-amine, from which octyl-1-amine can be prepared, are prepared selectively by telomerizing butadiene and ammonia in a two-phase system, the catalyst being used in an aqueous phase and an organic medium which is immiscible or only slightly miscible with water being employed as the second phase.

Abstract: The polymers according to the invention with repeating succinyl units additionally contain iminodisuccinate units.

Abstract: C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -Dialkyl carbonates can be obtained from the corresponding C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanols, carbon monoxide and oxygen by reacting these substances in the presence of Cu salts, the water of reaction being limited to less than 10 wt % in the reaction mixture by at least partial withdrawal.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous preparation of polymers with repeating succinyl units, maleic anhydride or a derivative thereof as educt A is mixed with ammonia or an ammonia-producing compound or amides of carbonic acid as educt B and in a first reaction stage these are reacted to give an N-containing low molecular derivative of maleic acid. This derivative is then polymerized in a subsequent second reaction stage. Reaction of the educts (A,B) takes place largely adiabatically in the first reaction stage. The heat of reaction thereby released is used to take the reaction mixture to the polymerization temperature and in the second reaction stage at least partially to polymerize the N-containing low molecular derivative to obtain a polymer with repeating succinyl units.

Abstract: The preparation of 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid by oxidation of 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulphonic acid with oxygen in alkaline medium in aqueous ether alcohol makes possible a simplified work-up.

Abstract: Chlorinated aromatic compounds are dechlorinated in a simple and inexpensive manner by heating them to 300.degree. to 450.degree. C. in a salt melt in the presence of water and/or water vapor and carbon.

Abstract: The preparation of dimethyl carbonate by reaction of methanol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of Cu compounds is carried out in distillation units and the water of reaction is removed at least partially from the stripping region or the bottom phase.

Abstract: Organic compounds are selectively oxidized by means of a particularly advantageous process, using elemental oxygen and a catalyst containing palladium and copper and carrying out the process in the presence of carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of polysuccinimide from maleic anhydride and ammonia, characterized in that the starting compounds are brought to reaction in liquid form in a tubular reactor with feed nozzle at temperatures of preferably 50.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. and residence times of preferably 0.1 to 600 seconds and the resulting reaction mixture is possibly further polymerized thermally in a high-viscosity reactor preferably continuously operated at 120.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Organic compounds of reduced sulphur content and sulphur-free organic compounds can be prepared from organic mercapto and/or disulphide compounds in a particularly advantageous manner by hydrogenolytic elimination of hydrogen sulphide if the elimination of hydrogen sulphide is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent by means of an aqueous, non-oxidizing, strong acid and elemental iron, aluminium and/or zinc in the presence of catalytic amounts of nickel and/or cobalt.

Abstract: The title compounds of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting methylene-glutaconic acid dinitriles of the formulaR.sup.1 --CH.dbd.C(CN)--CH'CH--CN (II)with hydrogen halide of the formulaHX (III)In these formulae,X denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine andR.sup.1 denotes --OR.sup.2 or --N(R.sup.2, R.sup.3),in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, represent straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -alkoxyalkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 -aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 -aralkyl or a 5- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms from the group comprising N, O and S, where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, with the N atom on which they are substituents, may also form a 5- to 8-membered ring which may contain a further heteroatom from the group comprising N, O and S.

Abstract: Polysuccinimide is prepared by reaction of fumaric acid, maleic acid or a derivative thereof with urea, isourea, carbamic acid, ammonium carbamide, ammonium bicarbonate, diammonium carbonate or mixtures of the abovementioned substances in a reactor at temperatures of preferably 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. over reaction times of preferably 0.5 minute to 300 minutes.