Abstract: A cleavage process for making phenol and/or cyclohexanone, the process comprising: (A) providing a feed comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide; (B) contacting the feed with a catalyst under cleavage reaction conditions effective to produce a cleavage effluent comprising phenol and cyclohexanone, the catalyst having a collidine uptake of at least 20 ?mol per gram of the catalyst and comprising an aluminosilicate molecular sieve of the FAU-type, an oxide binder, and a clay.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol and/or cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an oxidation catalyst under oxidation conditions effective to produce an oxidation effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide. At least a portion of the oxidation effluent is then subjected to a concentrating step to produce a cleavage feed having a higher concentration of cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide than the oxidation effluent. A cleavage reaction mixture comprising the cleavage feed is then contacted with a solid acid catalyst in a cleavage reaction zone under conditions effective to produce a cleavage product comprising phenol and cyclohexanone.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol, a cleavage feed comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is supplied to a cleavage reaction zone and a cleavage reaction mixture comprising the cleavage feed is contacted in the cleavage reaction zone with a solid acid catalyst under conditions effective to produce a cleavage effluent comprising phenol and cyclohexanone. The cleavage effluent is then divided into at least a cleavage product and a cleavage recycle and the cleavage recycle and a polar solvent is supplied to the cleavage reaction zone to produce the cleavage reaction mixture with the cleavage feed. Preferably, the polar solvent is combined with the cleavage recycle before being charged into the cleavage reaction zone.

Abstract: A catalyst system is disclosed for producing para-xylene from a C8 hydrocarbon mixture comprising ethylbenzene and at least one xylene isomer other than para-xylene. The catalyst system comprises a first catalyst bed and a second catalyst bed. The first catalyst bed comprises a first zeolite and a rhenium hydrogenation component. The first zeolite has a constraint index from 1 to 12, an average crystal size from 0.1 to 1 micron and has been selectivated to have an ortho-xylene sorption time of greater than 1200 minutes based on its capacity to sorb 30% of the equilibrium capacity of ortho-xylene at 120° C. and an ortho-xylene partial pressure of 4.5±0.8 mm of mercury. The second catalyst bed comprises a second zeolite and a rhenium hydrogenation component. The second zeolite has a constraint index ranging from 1 to 12 and an average crystal size of less than 0.1 micron.

Abstract: A process for producing phenol and/or cyclohexanone by cleaving cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide in a loop cleavage reactor comprising multiple reaction zones connected in series. In desirable embodiments, fresh cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide feed(s) are supplied to reaction zones the final reaction zone, and fresh acid catalyst is supplied only to the final reaction zone. In desirable embodiments, a portion of the effluent exiting the final reaction zone is recycled to the first reaction zone. Each reaction zone is equipped with a heat exchanger downstream of the feed port to extract heat generated from the cleavage reaction.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, in which a benzene feed stream is subjected to each of the following treatment steps: treating the feed stream with at least one adsorbent and fractionating the feed stream to remove components having a different boiling point than benzene. The treatment steps are carried out in any order and produce a treated benzene feed stream. The treated benzene feed stream is then contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst in a hydroalkylation unit under conditions effective to produce a reaction product containing cyclohexylbenzene.

Abstract: A cleavage process for making phenol and/or cyclohexanone, the process comprising: (A) providing a feed comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide; (B) contacting the feed with a catalyst under cleavage reaction conditions effective to produce a cleavage effluent comprising phenol and cyclohexanone, the catalyst having a collidine uptake of at least 20 ?mol per gram of the catalyst and comprising an aluminosilicate molecular sieve of the FAU-type, an oxide binder, and a clay.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon with a dehydrogenation catalyst comprising a step of activating the catalyst precursor in a H2-containing atmosphere. A particularly advantageous activation process includes heating the catalyst precursor to a temperature in a range from 400° C. to 600° C. The process of the present disclosure is particularly advantageous for dehydrogenating cyclohexane to make benzene.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol and cyclohexanone, a cleavage feed containing greater than 40 wt % and no greater than 95 wt % cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide, and at least 5 wt % and less than 60 wt % cyclohexylbenzene is mixed with at least phenol, cyclohexanone, water, and sulfuric acid to produce a cleavage reaction mixture containing from 15 wt % to 50 wt % phenol, from 15 wt % to 50 wt % cyclohexanone, from 1 wt % to 10 wt % cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide, from 5 wt % to 60 wt % cyclohexylbenzene, from 0.1 wt % to 4 wt % water, and from 10 wppm to 1000 wppm sulfuric acid. The cleavage reaction mixture is then reacted at a temperature from 30° C. and to 70° C., and a pressure of at least 1 atmosphere for a time sufficient to convert at least 50% of said cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide in said cleavage reaction mixture and produce a cleavage effluent containing phenol and cyclohexanone.

Abstract: In a process for producing propylene oxide, cyclohexylbenzene is contacted with an oxygen-containing compound under oxidation conditions with or without a suitable catalyst to produce an oxidation reaction effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide. At least a portion of the cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is then reacted with propylene in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst under conditions effective to produce an epoxidation reaction effluent comprising phenylcyclohexanol and propylene oxide.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, hydrogen, and benzene are contacted in a first reaction zone under conditions effective to produce a product effluent containing residual benzene in the vapor phase and cyclohexylbenzene in the liquid phase. The product effluent is separated into a first stream that is rich in residual benzene in the vapor phase as compared to the product effluent and a second stream that is rich in cyclohexylbenzene in the liquid phase as compared to the product effluent. At least a portion of the first stream is cooled to condense at least a portion of the residual benzene in the vapor phase to the liquid phase and produce a condensate stream. At least a portion of the condensate stream is recycled to the first reaction zone.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol, benzene is hydroalkylated with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation reaction product comprising cyclohexylbenzene and cyclohexane. At least a portion of the cyclohexane from said hydroalkylation reaction product is then dehydrogenated to produce a dehydrogenation effluent comprising benzene, toluene and hydrogen. At least a portion of the dehydrogenation effluent is washed with a benzene-containing stream to transfer at least a portion of the toluene from the dehydrogenation effluent to the benzene-containing stream.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, in which a benzene feed stream is subjected to each of the following treatment steps: treating the feed stream with at least one adsorbent and fractionating the feed stream to remove components having a different boiling point than benzene. The treatment steps are carried out in any order and produce a treated benzene feed stream. The treated benzene feed stream is then contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst in a hydroalkylation unit under conditions effective to produce a reaction product containing cyclohexylbenzene.

Abstract: In a process for the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanone to produce phenol, a feed comprising cyclohexanone is contacted with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions comprising a temperature of less than 400° C. and a pressure of less than 690 kPa, gauge, such 0.1 to 50 wt % of the cyclohexanone in said feed is converted to phenol and the dehydrogenation product contains less than 100 ppm by weight of alkylbenzenes.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, hydrogen, and benzene are contacted in a first reaction zone under conditions effective to produce a product effluent containing residual benzene in the vapor phase and cyclohexylbenzene in the liquid phase. The product effluent is separated into a first stream that is rich in residual benzene in the vapor phase as compared to the product effluent and a second stream that is rich in cyclohexylbenzene in the liquid phase as compared to the product effluent. At least a portion of the first stream is cooled to condense at least a portion of the residual benzene in the vapor phase to the liquid phase and produce a condensate stream. At least a portion of the condensate stream is recycled to the first reaction zone.

Abstract: In a process for producing propylene oxide, cyclohexylbenzene is contacted with an oxygen-containing compound under oxidation conditions with or without a suitable catalyst to produce an oxidation reaction effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide. At least a portion of the cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is then reacted with propylene in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst under conditions effective to produce an epoxidation reaction effluent comprising phenylcyclohexanol and propylene oxide.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under hydroalkylation conditions effective to form a first effluent stream comprising cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexane, and benzene. At least a portion of the cyclohexane from the first effluent stream is then contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions effective to convert at least some of the cyclohexane into benzene contained in a second effluent stream. At least some of the hydrogen is supplied to the process so as to contact the dehydrogenation zone (e.g., the dehydrogenation catalyst) before contacting the hydroalkylation catalyst.

Abstract: A shelf for supporting items including but not limited to in refrigerated appliances includes in an integrated fashion a supporting surface and around the perimeter of the supporting surface of similar dimensions. A lighting subassembly is mountable to or integrated in the framing. Electrical power can be through touchless or contact electrical communication. In one form the supporting surface is a single substantially clear plate. In another form the supporting surface is a thin glass top layer and a bottom layer overmolded with the framing to the thin glass top layer.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol, benzene is reacted with a source of hydrogen containing methane in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation reaction effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene, benzene, hydrogen, and methane. A first stream comprising hydrogen, methane, and benzene is removed from the hydroalkylation reaction effluent and the first stream is washed with a second stream containing cyclohexylbenzene to produce a benzene-depleted hydrogen stream containing hydrogen and methane and a wash stream containing cyclohexylbenzene and benzene.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, hydrogen and benzene are introduced to a first hydroalkylation reaction zone which contains a hydroalkylation catalyst and which is operated under at least partly liquid phase conditions sufficient to effect hydroalkylation of benzene to produce a mixed liquid/vapor phase effluent comprising cyclohexylbenzene and unreacted benzene, wherein at least a portion of the unreacted benzene is in the vapor phase. At least a portion of the effluent is cooled to condense a liquid phase stream containing at least some of the cyclohexylbenzene in the effluent portion and leave a residual stream containing at least some of the unreacted benzene and cyclohexylbenzene. At least a portion of the liquid stream is recycled to the first hydroalkylation reaction zone or to contact the mixed phase effluent exiting the first hydroalkylation reaction zone. Other methods of cooling the reaction effluent are disclosed.