Abstract: The present invention relates to a knallgas bacterium or acetogenic bacterium expressing a 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A mutase, a method for the production of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, comprising contacting in an aqueous medium the knallgas bacterium or acetogenic with a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the use of the knallgas bacterium or acetogenic bacterium for the production of 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid.

Abstract: A substrate-independent manufacturing method for a solar cell with chalcopyrite absorber layer (4, 5) is proposed wherein a desired alkali content is obtained in the finished absorber layer by dosed addition of Na, K, or Li during the manufacturing process. An additional drive-in of alkali ions from a potentially alkali-containing substrate (1) is prevented by providing a diffusion barrier layer (2) between substrate and absorber layer.

Abstract: A method is described for magneto-optical current measurements using a linearly polarized light beam in which the light beam is alternatingly polarized by polarization modulation at a given frequency in two orthogonal directions and the intensities of two signals corresponding to the two states of polarization are picked up sequentially at the frequency of the modulating signal and are processed simultaneously, eliminating the noise component of the measurement signal. The method is particularly useful for the measurement of currents in high voltage systems.

Abstract: An arrangement for the magneto-optical measurement of currents with a linearly polarized light beam in which the measuring path contains an analyzer with two orthogonal pass directions, over which the partial beams are conducted, has a light deflector which directs one partial beam alternatingly at a high frequency to a detector which is arranged in the other partial beam so that the detector receives alternatingly the measurement signal with the noise component and the noise component only.

Abstract: A magneto-optical measuring transducer for measuring high-voltage currents has a measuring sensing element positioned adjacent a conductor carrying the high-voltage currents to be measured. The sensing element is designed as a pair of similar and adjacent light conducting coils. The polarization plane of linearly polarized light within the coils is rotated according to the strength of a magnetic field produced by the current in the adjacent conductor. A compensator is also provided comprising a pair of light conducting coils. The compensator is spaced from and optically connected to the measuring sensing element. A variable magnetic field is provided adjacent the compensator and the change in polarization of light waves conducted within the compensator is detected by a detector and compared to the polarization of light fed through the measuring sensing element.

Abstract: A magneto-optical measuring transducer for measuring high voltage currents with a measurement sensing device which carries high voltage potential and is designed as a light conducting coil, with which linearly polarized light is rotated with respect to its polarization direction, in dependence upon the strength of a magnetic field produced by the current to be measured, the light conducting coil being in the form of elements, which lie in respective planes of curvature disposed at right angles to one another, with such elements following one another in the propagation direction of the linearly polarized light.