Abstract: A waveguide is provided for conveying image light. The waveguide includes an input port for receiving a first beam of image light carrying an image in a wavelength band. A first diffraction grating of the waveguide includes a plurality of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) configured to expand the first beam along a first axis and to redirect the first beam towards a second diffraction grating of the waveguide. The second diffraction grating includes a plurality of VBGs configured to receive the first beam from the first diffraction grating and to out-couple different portions of the first wavelength band of the first beam along a second axis, thereby expanding the first beam along the second axis for observation of the image by a user.

Abstract: An eye-tracking system includes a holographic illuminator and a detector. The holographic illuminator includes a light source configured to provide light and a holographic medium optically coupled with the light source. The holographic medium is configured to receive the light provided from the light source and concurrently project a plurality of separate light patterns toward an eye. The detector is configured to detect a reflection of at least a subset of the plurality of separate light patterns, reflected off the eye, for determining a location of a pupil of the eye. Also disclosed is a method for determining a location of a pupil of an eye with the eye-tracking system that includes the holographic illuminator.

Abstract: A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.

Abstract: A near eye display (NED) includes an eye tracking system and a steering element. The eye tracking system tracks the location of a very small eyebox that is approximately the size of a user's pupil or smaller and provides this information to the steering element (e.g., MEMS, plurality of sources, liquid crystal prism, etc.). The very small eyebox provides for a very wide field of view and is optically efficient. The steering element adjusts the direction of light output (i.e., the exit pupil) from the NED such that it is directed toward the tracked location (i.e., a relatively small eyebox).

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a source assembly, an output waveguide, and a controller. The source assembly includes a light source and an optics system. The light source includes source elements arranged in a 1D or 2D array that emit image light. The optics system includes a scanning mirror assembly that scans the image light to particular locations based on scanning instructions. The output waveguide receives the scanned image light from the scanning mirror assembly and outputs an expanded image light. In some embodiments, the waveguide display includes a source waveguide and the 1D array of source elements. The source waveguide receives a conditioned image light from the source assembly. The controller generates the scanning instructions and provides the scanning instructions to the scanning mirror assembly. In some embodiments, the controller provides the scanning instructions to an actuator assembly of the source waveguide.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a first substrate and one or more grating layers on a first surface of the first substrate. The one or more grating layers are configured to cause destructive interference between ambient light diffracted by at least two grating layers or between ambient light diffracted by different portions of one grating layer. In some embodiments, the waveguide display also includes an angular-selective transmissive layer. The angular-selective transmissive layer is configured to reflect, diffract, or absorb ambient light incident on the angular-selective reflective layer with an incidence angle greater than a threshold value.

Abstract: An apparatus may include a projector that switches from emitting monochromatic light of a first color to emitting monochromatic light of a second color that is different from the first color. The apparatus may also include one or more variable-pitch diffraction gratings that diffract monochromatic light emitted from the projector. The apparatus may further include a controller that changes a pitch of at least one of the one or more variable-pitch diffraction gratings from a first pitch used when the projector is emitting monochromatic light of the first color to a second pitch used when the projector is emitting monochromatic light of the second color.

Abstract: An optical device (e.g., a pupil expander) includes a waveguide with a slanted facet. The optical device includes a reflector on the slanted facet and a prism, or a grating at the slanted facet. The prism or the grating compensates for the dispersion of an image light from a display, which reduces smearing of displayed images. The waveguide can be configured for pupil replication in one-dimension or two-dimensions.

Abstract: A method for producing a site-specifically modified protein based on new carbon-carbon bond formation is disclosed, including the following three steps (marking, activation, and coupling steps): (a) marking of the modification site by incorporating a specific amino acid into a selected position of a target protein; (b) activation of the marked site; and (c) coupling of various post-translational modification (PTM) moieties or other chemical groups onto the activated site to obtain a site-specifically modified protein. The method for producing a site-specifically modified protein can incorporate desired diverse chemical groups including post-translational modification (PTM) moieties into a designated site in a target protein through a new carbon-carbon bond. Furthermore, the modified protein having a site-specific PTM exhibits the same chemical and functional properties as that of a target protein present in cells.

Abstract: A waveguide is provided for conveying image light. The waveguide includes an input port for receiving a first beam of image light carrying an image in a wavelength band. A first diffraction grating of the waveguide includes a plurality of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) configured to expand the first beam along a first axis and to redirect the first beam towards a second diffraction grating of the waveguide. The second diffraction grating includes a plurality of VBGs configured to receive the first beam from the first diffraction grating and to out-couple different portions of the first wavelength band of the first beam along a second axis, thereby expanding the first beam along the second axis for observation of the image by a user.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a substrate transparent to visible light, a coupler configured to couple display light into the substrate such that the display light propagates within the substrate through total internal reflection, a first multiplexed volume Bragg grating (VBG) on the substrate, and a second multiplexed VBG on the substrate. The second multiplexed VBG overlaps with the first multiplexed VBG in at least a see-through region of the waveguide display. The first multiplexed VBG is configured to diffract the display light to two or more regions of the second multiplexed VBG, and the second multiplexed VBG is configured to diffract the display light to two or more regions of an eyebox of the waveguide display.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a source assembly, an output waveguide, and a controller. The source assembly includes a light source and an optics system. The light source includes source elements arranged in a 1D or 2D array that emit image light that is temporally incoherent and spatially coherent. In some embodiments, the light source includes an array of superluminous LEDs, an array of laser diodes, an array of resonant cavity LEDs, or some combination thereof. The optics system includes a scanning assembly that scans the image light to particular locations based on scanning instructions. The output waveguide receives the scanned image light from the scanning assembly and outputs an expanded image light. The controller generates the scanning instructions and provides the scanning instructions to the light source.

Abstract: A pupil-replicating waveguide suitable for operation with a coherent light source is disclosed. A waveguide body has opposed surfaces for guiding a beam of image light. An out-coupling element is disposed in an optical path of the beam for out-coupling portions of the beam at a plurality of spaced apart locations along the optical path. Electrodes are coupled to at least a portion of the waveguide body for modulating an optical path length of the optical path of the beam to create time-varying phase delays between the portions of the beam out-coupled by the out-coupling element.

Abstract: An optical waveguide is disclosed. The optical waveguide includes a plate of transparent material comprising opposed first and second surfaces for guiding an optical beam between the surfaces by at least one of reflection or diffraction. A diffraction grating is disposed at the first surface for spreading the optical beam by diffracting portions thereof into a non-zero diffraction order to propagate inside the plate. The first diffraction grating includes an array of parallel grooves structured to provide a spatial variation of optical phase of the portions of the optical beam diffracted by the first diffraction grating into the non-zero diffraction order.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes a light source, a scanning mirror assembly, an output waveguide, and a controller. The light source emits image light. The scanning mirror assembly scans the image light as scanned image light to particular locations in accordance with scanning instructions. The output waveguide includes an input area and an output area. The output waveguide receives the scanned image light emitted from the scanning mirror assembly at the input area, and output expanded image light from a portion of the output area, the location of the portion of the output area based in part on a direction of the scanned image light output from the scanning mirror assembly. The controller generates the scanning instructions and provides the scanning instructions to the scanning mirror assembly.

Abstract: A system for making a holographic medium for use in generating light patterns for eye tracking includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium and one or more diffractive optical elements configured to receive the second portion of the light and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium.

Abstract: A system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light through for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of lenses optically coupled with the second set of optical elements configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium.

Abstract: A system for making a holographic medium for use in generating light patterns for eye tracking includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of parabolic reflectors optically coupled with the second set of optical elements and configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium.

Abstract: A system for making a holographic medium for use in generating light patterns for eye tracking includes a light source configured to provide light and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium and a plurality of optical fibers configured to receive the second portion of the light and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium.

Abstract: A system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light, and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of prisms optically coupled with the second set of optical elements and configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium.