Abstract: The mold for continuous casting of a rollable steel flanged billet having a web and two flanges used to make a steel beam or girder comprises two side walls extending over the web and the flanges and two end walls determining the thickness of the flanges positioned movably between the side walls. To provide a continuous casting mold in which the web length, the web thickness and the flange thickness can be independently varied, each of the side walls has a straight portion and an exteriorly directed bent out end portion angled relative to the straight portion, each of the end walls is positioned between a straight portion of one of the side walls and an adjacent opposing bent out end portion of the other of the side walls and at least one side wall is movable in the direction of its planar surface relative to the other side wall transverse to the casting direction.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Abstract: Polymers in bead form are prepared from water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers by a reverse suspension polymerization of a liquid in the presence of polymerization initiators and protective colloids obtainable by grafting polymers (A) containing (a) aromatic monovinyl monome from 40 to 100% by weight (b) C.sub.3-6 monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or maleic anhydride from 0 to 60% by weight (c) other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers from 0-20% by weight, as copolymerized units with the proviso that the sum of the weight (a) to (c) is always 100 and the polymer (A) has a molecular weight (number average) from 500 to 20,000 and a hydrogenation iodine number from 1.3 to 51 with a fixed monomer mixture at given concentration levels.

Abstract: Crosslinked, finely divided, water-absorbing polymers are prepared in a batchwise process by copolymerization of 100 parts by weight of a monomer mixture of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, each of which is neutralized with from 0 to 100 mol% of an alkali metal or ammonium base,or acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone with, as a crosslinking agent, from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a monomer containing two or more ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in 20-80% by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator in a multistage procedure in a batchwise mixing apparatus wih constant thorough mixing in all stages, in the first stage the aqueous monomer solution being copolymerized at from 45.degree. to 95.degree. C. and under from 0.1 to 0.8 bar with removal of some of the water by distillation, in the second stage the copolymerization being completed at from 100.degree. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: To avoid impacts on the first pass of the rolled product through a universal rolling mill the vertical rolls of the rolling mill can be provided with their own integral drive according to our invention. In an electrical drive for a vertical roll the vertical roll is the rotor of an electric motor while the stator is a circular collar on a nonrotatable supporting axle for the vertical roll. In a hydraulic drive for a vertical roll a hydraulic motor is either located in a housing side extension of the structural member supporting the vertical roll to drive it from the outside by spur wheel gearing or by a frictional drive or the hydraulic motor is mounted in the nonrotating supporting axle of the vertical roll and engages on an inner cogged drive ring on the vertical roll from the inside by spur gearing positioned on a transverse plane.

Abstract: Detergents contain graft polymers obtainable by grafting(a) polycondensates based on polyesters, polyester urethanes and polyester amides and having in each case a number average molecular weight from 500 to 100,000 with(b) from 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the polycondensates, of vinyl esters of saturated C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids, acrylic and/or methacrylic esters of saturated monohydric alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A detergent containing as grayness inhibitor in the wash and aftertreatment of textile material containing synthetic fibers graft polymers obtainable by grafting(a) polyalkylene oxides which have a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 100,000 and are based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide, with(b) at least one vinyl ester derived from a saturated monocarboxylic acid containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a methyl or ethyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid and optionally mixtures of at least one of the monomers mentioned and up to 95% by weight of vinyl acetate in a weight ratio (a):(b) of from 1:02 to 1:10.

Abstract: A detergent containing as grayness inhibitor in the wash and aftertreatment of textile material containing synthetic fibers graft polymers obtainable by grafting(a) a polyalkylene oxide which has a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 100,000, is based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide, and is end group capped at at least one end, with(b) at least on vinyl ester derived from a saturated monocarboxylic acid containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and/or a methyl or ethyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in a weight ratio (a):(b) of from 1:0.2 to 1:10.

Abstract: Slightly crosslinked, water-soluble polymaleic acid which is obtainable by polymerization of maleic anyhdride with from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60 to 200.degree. C. in the presence of from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of a peroxyester, and hydrolysis of the polymer to give slightly crosslinked polymaleic acid having a Fikentscher K value of from 8 to 20 (measured at 20.degree. C. in 5% strength aqueous solution at pH 7 as the Na salt), a process for the preparation of slightly cross-linked polymaleic acid, and its use as a water treatment agent for reducing boiler scale and hard water deposits in water-conveying systems.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymaleic acid by polymerizing maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60.degree. to 200.degree. C., using from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of peroxyesters derived from saturated or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, as the polymerization initiators and hydrolyzing the polymer, the polymaleic acid thus obtained and the use of the polymaleic acid as an agent for reducing scale formation and hard water deposits in systems through which water flows.

Abstract: Detergents which contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight of oxyalkylated, carbonyl-containing polymers can be prepared by reacting.(A) a polymer which contains, as copolymerized units, one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids with(B) ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide, isobutylene oxide or a mixture of these, in an aqueous medium at up to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: N-Vinylformamide is purified by fractional distillation in the presence of formamide in a column under from 0.5 to 30 mbar by a method in which the distillation is controlled so that N-vinylformamide containing from 0.1 to 15% by weight of formamide is obtained as the distillate. Homopolymers having particularly high molecular weights can be prepared from the N-vinylformamide purified in this manner.

Abstract: Paper having a high dry strength is made using water-soluble homopolymers of salts or quaternary 1-vinyl-2-imidazolines and copolymers of these salts or quaternary compounds with acrylamide and/or methacrylamide as agents for increasing the dry strength of paper.

Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers containing copolymerized vinylamine units are prepared by copolymerizing (a) from 95 to 10 mol % of N-vinylformamide and (b) from 5 to 90 mol % of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group consisting of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl vinyl ethers, the esters, nitriles and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and then eliminating from 30 to 100 mol % of the formyl groups from the copolymer. Preferred copolymers are copolymers of N-vinylformamide and vinyl acetate, in which from 30 to 100 mol % of the monomer units are hydrolyzed. The copolymers are used in papermaking to increase the dry strength and wet strength of the paper.

Abstract: Polymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid at 50.degree.-180.degree. C. in a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alcohol or mixtures thereof with water having a C.sub.2 -C.dwnarw.6.uparw.-alcohol content of not less than 40% by weight in the presence of free radical polymerization initiators and from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of inorganic acids of phosphorus in which the phosphorus has an oxidation number of from 1 to 4, or of water-soluble salts thereof, water-soluble --PO(OH).sub.2 -containing compounds and/or water-soluble salts thereof. The polymers thus prepared are effective milling aids and dispersants for pigments for producing aqueous pigment slurries for use in paper-coating compositions.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by draining a pulp slurry in the presence of high molecular weight, water-soluble polymers of N-vinylamides as drainage aids, retention agents and flocculants. These polymers are particularly effective in a pulp slurry which has a high content of interfering substances and other phenolic compounds.

Abstract: Finely divided, gel-like crosslinked polymers are prepared by a continuous method in which a monomer mixture which contains, per 100 parts by weight of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, from 50 to 100 mol % of which in each case are neutralized, acrylamide, methacrylamide or N-vinylpyrrolidone, from 0 to 30 parts by weight of other water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and from 0 to 20 parts by weight of water-insoluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers is copolymerized with from 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, in 20-65% strength by weight aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator at from 45.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: Pulverulent crosslinked copolymers are prepared by polymerizing monomer mixtures consisting of(a) from 70 to 99.99% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, their amides and/or esters of such carboxylic acids and aminoalcohols,(b) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of a diethylenically or polyethylenically unsaturated monomer and(c) from 0 to 20% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomersin supercritical carbon dioxide under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a free radical initiator.

Abstract: Detergents contain added graft copolymers which have an antiredeposition action and are obtainable by grafting polyalkylene oxides having a number average molecular weight of from 2000 to 100,000 with vinyl acetate in a weight ratio of from 1:0.2 to 1:10, and up to 15% of whose acetate groups may be hydrolyzed.

Abstract: Bead polymers are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization by a process in which an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in an aliphatic hydrocarbon using an inorganic suspending agent based on a modified finely divided mineral and, in addition, from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of a nonionic surfactant, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with the formation of a water-in-oil polymer suspension.