Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna with electrically low overall height, preferably for frequencies in the GHz-range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-frequency surgical generator (1) for adjusted cutting and coagluation having adjustment devices for setting the momentary electric output values, such as, e.g., current, voltage and power and having a device for direct and/or indirect determination of the state of the tissue in the vicinity of the cutting electrode.

Abstract: A multi-antenna scanning diversity system uses an antenna diversity circuit adjacent to the antenna terminals, but remote from the receiver, whose input sees the antenna signals (A1) through (AN) and whose output provides a received signal selected by the diversity processor which then goes to the radio receiver via an bidirectional transmission line. The diversity circuit is also fed the radio receiver's IF signal scanned for interference by the diversity processor.In case of critical interference due to unfavourable reception conditions, the processor generates a switch signal causing another antenna to be selected.The system uses one common bidirectional transmission to conduct the RF signal from the diversity circuit to the radio receiver and the IF signal from the radio receiver back to the diversity circuit.

Abstract: The pane antenna for a very high or ultra-high frequency range includes heating conductors arranged on a window pane between two transverse busbars; at least one wire-shaped conductor forming a first antenna conductor crossing at right angles to at least one heating conductor and coupled by galvanic connection with the heating conductors at a low impedance to create a capacitive antenna region adjoining their crossing points; an antenna terminal outside the heating field on the window pane; a second antenna conductor connecting the antenna terminal with the first antenna conductor and a power supply network for supplying direct current to the busbars without an additional network for increasing impedance connected between the busbars and the vehicle body. The two transverse busbars are arranged so that each heating conductor extends between and is connected with the busbars.

Abstract: The present invention relates to high-frequency generator for cutting tissue having adjustment devices, with which at least one of the momentary electric output values, such as e.g., current, voltage, power or electric arc can be set.The present invention is distinguished by, for improvement of the initial incision behavior, an electronic desired-value transmitter and a measurement device having an evaluation unit for direct and/or indirect determination of cutting being provided and said electronic desired-value transmitter providing upon commencement of an incision a particularly suited generator setting for the initial incision as long as said measurement device signals tissue-separating cutting of the probe and thereupon providing a lower desired value for the generator in such a manner that normal cutting corresponding to the desired surgical goal ensues.

Abstract: The radio antenna arrangement for establishing a radio link with terrestrial radio stations includes a group of antennas (10) mounted on an inclined window pane (1) of a particular electrically conductive motor vehicle body, each of the antennas (10) including an antenna element (3) mounted outside of an interior of the vehicle body (8) and on the window pane perpendicular to it; an antenna counterweight (4) mounted on the inclined window pane, the antennas (10) together forming a group antenna with a group antenna connection point (6); and a network (7) containing the group antenna connection point (6), the antennas being radiatively coupled to each other by high-frequency radiation and at least one antenna (10) having an antenna element connection point (2) connecting it with the network (7).

Abstract: The antenna arrangement for a motor vehicle includes an exterior radio antenna (1) for radiating electromagnetic waves in a radio frequency broadcast range; a vehicle window pane (2) closing an opening provided in a metallic vehicle body (3) and a device for shielding the interior from the electromagnetic waves radiated by the exterior radio antenna (1). The device for shielding is a two-dimensional component (4) arranged on the window pane (2) and made of a conductive material substantially optically transparent but substantially opaque to the electromagnetic waves radiated by the exterior radio antenna (1) and a capacitive connection (11,12,13) for the electromagnetic waves in the radio broadcast frequency range between the two-dimensional component (4) and the metallic body (3).

Abstract: The antenna diversity system for mobile reception of VHF and UHF waves has a plurality of antennae; an antenna distributor connected to each of the antennae to receive antenna signals from the antennae and having a plurality of inputs and sets of outputs; a plurality of antenna switches, each of the antenna switches being connected to one of the sets of outputs of the antenna distributor; a plurality of tuners, each of the tuners connected to one of the antenna switches and producing one of an intermediate-frequency signal and demodulated signal; a plurality of diversity processors, each of the diversity processors being connected to a tuner to receive an intermediate-frequency or demodulated signal therefrom and also to the antenna switch of the tuner connected thereto via a control line and being structured to carry out a signal evaluation of the signal received in the diversity processor to control the antenna switch to switch through a more favorable input signal to the tuner connected to it.

Abstract: An active reception antenna arranged on a non-conductive flat supporting piece (1, 2) set in a conductive body (2) of a motor vehicle, has an active four terminal network (5) having two input terminals (6a, 6b) and two output terminals (7a, 7b), an elongated antenna conductor (3a) secured on the supporting piece, an output transmission line (8) having a first section (14) of well defined layout which is connected to the output terminals (7a, 7b) and forms another antenna conductor (14) with a length (20) introducing a non-negligible however defined impedance for high frequencies between one of the output terminals (7b) and a ground contact (10), the input terminals (6a, 6b) being connected to the first mentioned elongated antenna conductor (3a) and to the other antenna conductor (14), providing an appropriate source impedance at the input of the active four terminal network, the output transmission line (8) having a second section (15) which is connected to the ground contact (10) and also to an inner connect

Abstract: Disclosed is a pane antenna installed in a heated window pane of a motor vehicle to receive frequencies above the high frequency range. The antenna includes at least one wire-shaped first antenna conductor extending across parallel heating conductors of a heating field. The crossing points of the first antenna conductor with heating conductors are preferably in galvanic contact to create a capacitive antenna region along the first antenna conductor. The capacitive antenna region is coupled via a second antenna conductor extending also perpendicularly to the heating conductors, to an antenna terminal arranged on the window pane in proximity to a rim. The window pane is surrounded by a conductive frame and a grounding point is created on the frame opposite the antenna terminal.

Abstract: An active window pane antenna for use in motor vehicles includes an antenna conductor arranged on the window pane and being connected via a conductor of negligible length to an input terminal of an active four terminal network also arranged on the pane. The output terminals of the network are connected via a first section of a transmission line to an antenna connector whose ground contact is connected for high frequencies to a ground point on the body of the motor vehicle. The impedance of the first section of the transmission line is not negligible for the received frequency bands and the input impedance of the four terminal network is balanced with respect to the first section. A second section of the transmission line extends from the antenna connector to a receiver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-frequency generator with automatic power control for tissue cutting and for coagulating in high-frequency surgery. The power control in the "cutting" mode of operation is effected with an arc control system for keeping the arc burning between the surgical probe and the tissue constant. The high-frequency generator contains a voltage-limiting circuit, which limits the output voltage to a preset maximum value if the arc control system were to adjust a higher voltage.The advantage of the invention lies is a reduction of the mean power delivered to the patient as compared with a high-frequency generator that contains only an arc control system. The cutting quality is not adversely influenced by the power reduction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pane antenna installed in a heated window pane of a motor vehicle to receive frequencies above the high frequency range. The antenna includes at least one wire-shaped first antenna conductor extending across parallel heating conductors of a heating field. The crossing points of the first antenna conductor with heating conductors are preferably in galvanic contact to create a capacitive antenna region along the first antenna conductor. The capacitive antenna region is coupled via a second antenna conductor extending also perpendicularly to the heating conductors, to an antenna terminal arranged on the window pane in proximity to a rim. The window pane is surrounded by a conductive frame and a grounding point is created on the frame opposite the antenna terminal.

Abstract: A self-oscillating inverted rectifier has a series-resonant circuit connected between a load and the selector terminal of an electronically controllable switch, the other terminals of which are connected respectively to d.c. sources of different potential. Phase detection and feedback circuits provide a rectangular control wave for connecting and disconnecting the resonant circuit to each d.c. source only at null transits of the current in the resonant circuit. The feedback circuit includes a control circuit supplied with a regulation voltage, which may be derived from the load, whereby the switch is intermittently prevented from connecting the resonant circuit to energizing d.c. for an integral number of half cycles of the resonant frequency. The load may be a high-frequency electrosurgical device or, more generally, a rectifier circuit providing accurately regulated d.c. power to a variable load.

Abstract: The pane antenna system has a plurality of antennas arranged on a non-conductive sheet installed in a metal body of a motor vehicle. Each antenna includes antenna conductors secured on the non-conductive sheet and connected to an input terminal of an assigned four-terminal network. The four-terminal networks are located on or in the proximity of the non-conductive sheet in the metal vehicle body. The other input terminal of respective networks is directly connected with an output terminal of the network. The other output terminal is connected via a high-frequency output line to a collecting or interconnecting region for output signals of all four-terminal networks. From the interconnection region all signals are fed via a single cable strand to a receiver. The cable strand includes a plurality of transmission lines, preferably in the form of coaxial cables, and defines an initial portion bridging the interconnection region on the non-conductive sheet and a ground point on the metal vehicle body.

Abstract: A unipole antenna arrangement for window pane of a motor vehicle mounted in a metal frame and including a heating field assembled of a plurality of substantially horizontally directed heating conductors, is composed of two superposed sets of substantially vertically directed antenna conductors. One of the sets extends in a first region in the heating field and the corresponding antenna conductors cross at least two horizontally directed heating wires. The antenna conductors in the other set extend in a region which adjoins the marginal heating conductor and terminates by common connection conductor leading to a connection point. The crossing points of the heating conductors and the antenna conductors are interconnected by a galvanic or a capacitive coupling. The connection point of the ends of the antenna conductors in the second set is connected by connection conductor with an antenna coupling point which is located near to the metal frame of the window pane.

Abstract: A high-frequency power oscillator is built around a power amplifier utilizing semiconductors in a complementary or quasi-complementary stage which operate in a switching mode of operation. The output of the amplifier supplies high-frequency oscillations to a load impedance through an output filter composed of a series-resonant circuit and a parallel-resonant circuit. A feedback driving voltage is obtained from the output filter in a manner providing a first portion of the driving voltage from a voltage present in the parallel-resonant circuit for voltage feedback and a second portion of the driving voltage obtained by current inverse feedback from the current in the series-resonant circuit. These two components of the driving voltage are combined in an addition circuit and supplied to an input of the power amplifier through a pulse modification stage.

Abstract: This invention refers to a diversity antenna system for use in a motor vehicle with at least two diversity antennas as well as a window-mounted heater structure consisting of lateral conductors (bus bars) supplying the heater current and heater sections in between. The configuration is such that each diversity antenna has lateral bus bars (4a, 4d; 4b, 4c) and heater sections (2a, 2b) between them as well as a pair of terminals connected to a feeder network (8a, 8b) of the diversity antenna. Each pair of terminals has a ground connection point (14a, 14b) and a tap point on a bus bar (5a, 5b). The tap points on the bus bars (5a, 5b) of the diversity antennas are located such that they are essentially isolated from each other with respect to radio frequencies. The power leads to the bus bars are provided with RF traps (6a through 6d). This serves to optimize the mean signal quality yielded by each individual antenna and to minimize the coincidence of interference in the signals coming from the antennas.

Abstract: A power amplifier driven in the switching mode is started into oscillation by a pulse from an auxiliary oscillator when it is first activated. Reactive currents thereby resulting in an output filter network, containing a series resonant circuit followed by a parallel resonant circuit which is connected across a load impedance, then produce the switching in of a feedback circuit, after which the amplifier oscillates in a self-excited mode, at a frequency determined by the tuning of the resonant circuits.

Abstract: A high-frequency generator having automatic power-control for use in high-frequency surgery. The frequency of a high-frequency generator is adjustable by electronic circuit brought by a control circuit to a value such that at the output of the power amplifier there is an optimal phase relation between output voltage and output current, i.e., generally a phase shift of zero. The signal necessary for the control of the output power is obtained from harmonic oscillations generated by the arc at the surgical probe. A harmonic-measuring device to obtain the harmonic oscillations generated by the arc at the surgical probe has a phase-controlled rectifier which is controlled by the oscillator of the high-frequency generator. A simple filter is used at the output of the power amplifier, and the measurement filter used before the harmonic-measuring device can either be completely eliminated or need only be very simple in construction.