Abstract: A thermal runaway barrier for at least significantly slowing down a thermal runaway event within a battery assembly. The thermal runaway barrier includes a layer of a nonwoven fibrous thermal insulation comprising a fiber matrix of inorganic fibers, thermally insulative inorganic particles of fumed silica dispersed within the fiber matrix, and a binder dispersed within the fiber matrix so as to hold together the fiber matrix. An optional organic encapsulation layer may also be used to encapsulate the nonwoven fibrous thermal insulation.

Abstract: A thermal runaway barrier for at least significantly slowing down a thermal runaway event within a battery assembly. The thermal runaway barrier includes a layer of a nonwoven fibrous thermal insulation comprising a fiber matrix of inorganic fibers, thermally insulative inorganic particles of irreversibly or permanently expanded expandable inorganic material dispersed within the fiber matrix, and a binder dispersed within the fiber matrix so as to hold together the fiber matrix. An optional organic encapsulation layer may also be used to encapsulate the nonwoven fibrous thermal insulation.

Abstract: A thermal runaway barrier for at least significantly slowing down a thermal runaway event within a battery assembly. The thermal runaway barrier consisting essentially of a single-layer of a nonwoven fibrous thermal insulation comprising a fiber matrix of inorganic fibers, thermally insulative inorganic particles dispersed within the fiber matrix, and a binder dispersed within the fiber matrix so as to hold together the fiber matrix. An optional organic encapsulation layer may also be used to encapsulate the nonwoven fibrous thermal insulation.

Abstract: A flame retardant foam. The flame retardant foam includes a from 25 to 75 wt % polyvinyl alcohol foam; and a from 25 to 95 wt % fire retardant coated on the polyvinyl alcohol foam, wherein the fire retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate or sodium metasilicate; wherein the thickness of the foam is from 2 mm to 1 cm.

Abstract: A nonwoven fibrous web includes a flame retardant nonwoven fabric coated with a fire retardant, wherein the fire retardant comprises ammonium polyphosphate or alkali metal silicate; and wherein the flame retardant nonwoven fabric has a first major surface and an opposed second major surface; a first nonwoven fabric covering at least a portion of the first major surface; and a second nonwoven fabric covering at least a portion of the second major surface. The first and second nonwoven fabrics each comprise oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers and optional reinforcing fibers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrode including an active material and a reduced graphene oxide-polymer aerogel. The present disclosure further relates to electrochemical devices, such as batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, and pseudocapacitance ultracapacitors containing such electrodes. The disclosure further relates to methods of forming and using the aerogels, electrodes, and electrochemical devices.