Abstract: A trapped flux, iron structure, which prevents bunching of interior flux es during an application of a field force, is provided. This iron structure includes a plurality of elongate identical subassemblies, each subassembly having a rod composed of a soft ferromagnetic material and each rod having a superconductive sheath.

Abstract: A charged particle trap having a spherical shell of magnetic material and a pherical hollow cavity positioned concentrically within the shell. A polar axis passes through the center of the shell and cavity. The shell is permanently magnetized to produce a double-tapered magnetic field having barrel-shaped flux lines that are concentrated at the cavity poles. The magnetic material has a remanence B.sub.r (.theta.) that varies in direction and magnitude such that its angular orientation .alpha. with respect to the polar axis varies as a function of the polar angle .theta. of the material's average location in accordance with the equation .alpha.=2.theta.. The magnitude of the remanence B.sub.r (.theta.) varies according to the following expressions: B.sub.r (.theta.)=B.sub.r (0) [B.sub.r (.pi./2)-B.sub.r (0)] 2.theta./.pi., for average polar angles between .theta.=0 radians and .theta.=.pi./2 radians; and B.sub.r (.theta.)=B.sub.r (.pi./2) [B.sub.r (.pi./2)-B.sub.r (0)] (2.theta.-.pi.)/.pi.

Abstract: A permanent magnet structure providing an internal magnetic field having an djustable magnitude and direction. The structure utilizes a shell composed of a predetermined number of concentric permanent magnet cylinders, each of which generates a discrete tunable magnetic field for tuning the magnitude and direction of the internal working field. Depending on the magnitude and direction of each discrete magnetic field, the magnitude and direction of the working field can be controlled and adjusted as desired.

Abstract: A simplified method of making permanent magnet structures, such as magic rings and magic spheres, from a uniformly magnetized permanent magnet shell. Thus, through the inventive method, building such structures requires only one remanence. For example, to make a magic ring providing a uniform internal magnetic field that can be accessed through non-distorting ports, a uniformly magnetized cylindrical shall is cut into ultra-thin washer shaped pieces. One half of the washer shaped pieces are radially cut into pie shaped pieces. The pie shaped pieces of each sliced-up washer-shaped piece are then rotated or transposed to form ultra-thin magic ring slices. The magic ring slices are then alternately stacked with the remaining washer shaped pieces to form a magic ring having predetermined regions wherein the shell magnetization is zeroized. Thus, the shell material in these regions can be removed to provide distortion-free access to the internal field.

Abstract: A magic sphere that provides a uniform internal field within an enlarged king space that can be accessed from large chambers that penetrate deep into the cavity of the magic sphere without substantially disrupting the magnitude or uniformity of the internal field.

Abstract: An equatorial gap is disposed into a magnet structure of spherical configtion, about the periphery thereof. The magnet structure includes a spherical shell of one magnetic material and a core of another magnetic material disposed centrally therein, with the gap penetrating into the shell. A source of synchrotron radiation is derived by combining the magnet structure with an apparatus for introducing charge particles into the gap wherein a magnetic field influences the particles to travel in circular paths.

Abstract: Within a magnetic structure, passages are incorporated equatorially about a pherical magnet for entering and exiting a cavity therein. To enhance the density of the field in the cavity, magnetic material other than that of the spherical magnet is incorporated within the magnet structure. A source of synchrotron radiation is derived by combining the magnet structure with means for introducing charge particles through the passages to the cavity wherein the magnetic field influences the particles to travel in a circular path.

Abstract: A yokeless magnetic circuit composed of a permanent magnet shell having a lenoidal-cavity within which a working field is generated. The permanent magnet shell has a conical permanent end magnet adjacent each of its ends to insure that the surface at each of its ends is equipotential between the radial periphery of the permanent magnet shell and the axial centerpoint of the solenoidal cavity. The height of the conical end magnets directly depends of the magnetization and thickness of the permanent magnet shell and whether the internal field is uniform, gradient or variable.

Abstract: An electrical machine having a stator formed from a pair of cup-shaped permanent magnets symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of a conductive, disk-shaped rotor. The magnets are polarized such that a portion of their external magnetic flux passes in one direction through a short peripheral gap formed by the magnets in which the periphery of the rotor is disposed. The remainder of the external magnetic flux substantially passes in the opposite direction through a cavity defined by the inner volume of the cup-shaped magnets. The inner portion of the disk-shaped rotor is disposed in this cavity. One embodiment of the invention implements the cup-shaped magnets with modified "magic spheres" mounted on either side of the conductive disk-shaped rotor. Other embodiments use a magnetic plate on one side of the disk-shaped rotor to act as a magnetic mirror for a cup-shaped magnet mounted on the other side of the rotor.

Abstract: A permanent magnet comprising a shell of magnetic material having a hollow avity and an access port that passes through the shell and communicates with the cavity. The shell is permanently magnetized to produce a magnetic field in the cavity. A magnetic insert is located in the cavity. The insert has a tunnel aligned with the access port and is magnetized in a direction opposite to the direction of the magnetic field. Specifically, a spherical magnetic shell has a concentric cavity in which a spherical magnetic insert is housed. An access port in the form of an axial hole passes through the spherical center of the shell and the insert. The shell ("magic sphere") is magnetized such that it is capable of producing a uniform magnetic field in the cavity. The insert is uniformly magnetized in a direction opposite to that of the cavity field produced by the shell. As such a working field that has a strength greater than that of the cavity field produced by the shell is located in the tunnel.

Abstract: A permanent magnet comprising a shell of magnetic material having a hollow avity and an access port that passes through the shell and communicates with the cavity. The shell is permanently magnetized to produce a magnetic field in the cavity. A magnetic insert is located in the cavity. The insert has a tunnel aligned with the access port and is magnetized in a direction opposite to the direction of the magnetic field. Specifically, a spherical magnetic shell has a concentric cavity in which a spherical magnetic insert is housed. An access port in the form of an axial hole passes through the spherical center of the shell and the insert. The shell ("magic sphere") is magnetized such that it is capable of producing a uniform magnetic field in the cavity. The insert is uniformly magnetized in a direction opposite to that of the cavity field produced by the shell. As such a working field that has a strength greater than that of the cavity field produced by the shell is located in the tunnel.

Abstract: A pair of hollow permanent magnets mounted to form a toroidal stator having cylindrical gaps and opposed cavities. The magnets are polarized such that their magnetic flux passes in one direction through the gaps to intersect the rotor along two cylindrical bands and then passes through the magnetic shell and subsequently in the opposite direction through the cavities to intersect the rotor in a cylindrical region located between the cylindrical bands. An electrical circuit couples a utilization device to the rotor. Another embodiment of the invention uses a magnetic mirror to replace one of the permanent magnets. Still other embodiments teach the use of a plurality of toroidal stators mounted in tandem about a common rotor. The machine may be used as a homopolar generator or a homopolar motor.

Abstract: A permanent magnet solenoid structure utilizes a hollow, tubular, toroidally-shaped flux source, an interior working space, a magnetizing member having an end magnet and two pole pieces. The magnetizing member intersects the flux source and the interior working space with the desired magnetic field being confined to the interior working space of the toroid by having a cladding magnet in contact with the outer surface of the toroidal supply magnet. In another embodiment, the interior working space is an annular ring rather than being toroidally-shaped. In yet another embodiment, the interior working space is an annular ring and an aperture or tunnel is provided through the magnetizing member so that electron particles can be electrostatically or thermally created, accelerated around the interior working space and then collected at a certain point within the interior working space.

Abstract: A light-weight permanent magnet structure having a permanent magnet shell that generates a high-intensity internal magnetic field that can be accessed without disrupting the uniformity of that internal field. Particularly, the permanent magnet shell is comprised of permanent magnet material that has a uniform magnetization at each polar angle around the shell, such that its size is minimized in regions where less than the maximum available magnetization of the material is required to maintain the internal field intensity. The resultant structure is a lightweight, low profile, low-cost distortion-free flux source that is easier to construct than the prior art.

Abstract: A permanent magnet comprising a shell of magnetic material having a hollow avity and an access port that passes through the shell and communicates with the cavity. The shell is permanently magnetized to produce a magnetic field in the cavity. A magnetic insert is located in the cavity. The insert has a tunnel aligned with the access port and is magnetized in a direction opposite to the direction of the magnetic field. Specifically, a spherical magnetic shell has a concentric cavity in which a spherical magnetic insert is housed. An access port in the form of an axial hole passes through the spherical center of the shell and the insert. The shell ("magic sphere") is magnetized such that it is capable of producing a uniform magnetic field in the cavity. The insert is uniformly magnetized in a direction opposite to that of the cavity field produced by the shell. As such a working field that has a strength greater than that of the cavity field produced by the shell is located in the tunnel.

Abstract: Magnetic circuit losses due to unnecessary magnetic fields are greatly curtailed or eliminated relative to the permanent magnet structures of electric machinery, without employing a conventional shunt or pole pieces. At least one coaxial cylinder of magnetic material is included in each permanent magnet structure of the invention and is magnetized to provide individual magnetic fields between sets of north and south poles on only one cylindrical surface thereof. Each of the cylinders is constructed from a plurality of segments in one preferred embodiment thereof and magnetically rigid materials are utilized to enhance the field magnitudes in another preferred thereof. Segments having a substantially triangular cross sectional configuration are utilized in other preferred embodiments, while flux contributions from at least three segments combine to sustain each set of north and south poles in still other preferred embodiments.

Abstract: A tubular structure having a transverse magnetic field that varies in eit the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction. In one embodiment, a permanent magnet tubular structure has a working magnetic field space that is partially bounded by pole pieces that reduce the height of the working magnetic field space. A laterally varying magnetic field is formed within the tubular structure. In another embodiment, a permanent magnet tubular structure is comprised of sections made of a permanent magnetic material, each section having a different remanence. The adjacent sections, having different remanence, form a linear array resulting in a longitudinally varying magnetic field gradient within the working space. The present invention has many practical applications such as in magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing rings, cylinders, hemispheres and spheres having a elatively strong central working field. The manufacture of complex magnetic structures is greatly simplified by a method of cutting wedge shaped portions radially into sections, rotating the bonded sections about a radial axis prior to magnetization, magnetizing the sections in a uniform magnetic field, rotating the magnetic sections into their original positions thereby forming the resulting desired permanent magnet structure. In another embodiment, another method of making a hemispherical or spherical magnet structure using rings ground into wedge shaped portions and reassembled is disclosed. In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a cylindrical quadrupole is disclosed whereby sections of a magic ring are removed and collapsed to form half a cylinder and combined with an analogously collapsed magic ring forming a second half cylinder and combined to form a quadrupole.

Abstract: A tubular structure having a transverse magnetic field that varies in eit the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction. In one embodiment, a permanent magnet tubular structure has a working magnetic field space that is partially bounded by pole pieces that reduce the height of the working magnetic field space. A laterally varying magnetic field is formed within the tubular structure. In another embodiment, a permanent magnet tubular structure is comprised of sections made of a permanent magnetic material, each section having a different remanence. The adjacent sections, having different remanence, form a linear array resulting in a longitudinally varying magnetic field gradient within the working space. The present invention has many practical applications such as in magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract: A magnetic field source that produces a stepped field of greater magnitude than the remanence of the magnetic material used to construct it. The source is basically a magnetic igloo comprised of two hemispheres having different cavity flux value that are separated by a passive ferromagnet slab. The hemispheres are positioned such that they share the same radial center point. The slab has a predetermined thickness and a tunnel of predetermined radius passing through its center along the radial center point of said hemispheres such that the flux in the cavity of the hemisphere abruptly changes when passing from the first hemisphere flux to the second.