Abstract: A locking apparatus for prevention of unauthorized switching-on of a service switching device includes a release lever disposed within a device housing, a switching mechanism movable from a latched state to an unlatched state by the release lever, and a release lever actuating part disposed in an area of the device housing in which the release lever is disposed. The release lever actuating part is movable from outside the switching device between a switched-on position and a switched-off position. The release lever actuating part is coupled to the release lever so as to hold the release lever in the unlatched state when the release lever actuating party is in the switched-off position.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexa-3-en-1-one (&bgr;-isophorone) by isomerization of 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexa-2-en-1-one (&agr;-isophorone) in the liquid phase in the presence of a salt-like or organometallic catalyst. By using catalytic quantities of alkali-metal salts or alkaline-earth salts and/or their organometallic compounds, and without addition of a further auxiliary substance, the space-time yield in the preparation of &bgr;-isophorone is high. &bgr;-Isophorone is particularly suitable as an intermediate product for the preparation of ketoisophorone.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for folding a textile fabric length (11) is provided with at least two transport belts (2, 3) which can be driven in opposite directions, wherein a gap (27) is disposed between the transport belts (2, 3), through which gap the fabric length (11) can be drawn while forming a fold when the transport belts (2, 3) are driven in opposite directions. In order to achieve greater folding accuracy, a gripping member (4) is disposed above the two transport belts (2, 3), which member can move substantially parallel to the upper side of the transport belts (2, 3) and can be brought to lie between the front and the back end (12, 23) of the unfolded fabric length (11) with a fixing action.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for the production of 2,3,5-trimethylhydroquinone by rearranging 4-oxo-isophorone (keto-isophorone, 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en[e]-1,4-dione) to a trimethylhydroquinone diester and by its subsequent saponification.

Abstract: The reductive amination of 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohexane carbonitrile (IPN) with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of nickel- or cobalt Raney catalysts to 3-aminomethyl-3, 5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexyl amine is achieved in a single stage with a good yield and requires no pressure distillation if a co-catalyst selected from the group consisting of salts of nickel, cobalt, yttrium, lanthanum and cerium is used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 mole per mole Raney catalyst.

Abstract: If an emergency arises in gas-cooled nuclear reactor plants having a heat exchanger for removing afterheat due to failure of a blower, the afterheat can be only inadequately removed because of the many deflections and restrictions in a primary circulation loop. In order to achieve adequate removal of afterheat solely on the basis of natural draught, a heat exchanger is located above a top reflector and reaches across a part of coolant gas bores in the top reflector. During normal operation of the nuclear reactor plant, there is a flow of cold gas through the heat exchanger in the direction toward the reactor core and in the event of an emergency, there is a flow of hot gas in a direction out of the center of the core of the reactor. A natural draught coolant circulation is established with the return of the cooled gas through the coolant gas bores in the top reflector.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-azine (=IPN-azine), a method of its preparation by reacting 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohexane carbonitrile (=IPN) with a source for hydrazine in a molar ratio of essentially 2 to 1 in the presence of a solvent and to a method for the further processing of the IPN-azine to 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl amine (isophorone diamine=IPDA) by means of a hydrogenating azine splitting with hydrogen in the presence of an organic solvent, ammonia and of a catalytic system from the series (a) of a cobalt- or nickel-containing Raney catalyst and of a cocatalyst from the series of salts of the elements aluminum, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt or of carrier-supported noble metals from the series Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt or b) of a carrier-supported Ru-, Pd- or Pt catalyst at a pressure of 3 to 30 MPa and a temperature of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-azine (=IPN-azine), a method of its preparation by reacting 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohexane carbonitrile (=IPN) with a source for hydrazine in a molar ratio of essentially 2 to 1 in the presence of a solvent and to a method for the further processing of the IPN-azine to 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl amine (isophorone diamine=IPDA) by means of a hydrogenating azine splitting with hydrogen in the presence of an organic solvent, ammonia and of a catalytic system from the series (a) of a cobalt- or nickel-containing Raney catalyst and of a cocatalyst from the series of salts of the elements aluminum, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt or of carrier-supported noble metals from the series Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt or b) of a carrier-supported Ru-, Pd- or Pt catalyst at a pressure of 3 to 30 MPa and a temperature of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrogen cyanide is added to isophorone for the preparation of 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-oxo-carbonitrile in the presence of lithium hydroxide in an amount in a range of 0.005 to 5 mole % at 100.degree. to 160.degree. C. The yield is higher and the space-time yield is better than was possible when using other alkaline acting alkali compounds.

Abstract: A process is provided for the long term shutdown of a high temperature nuclear reactor comprised of a pile of spherical fuel elements in a core by means of a neutron absorbing absorber material wherein the absorber material consisting of spherical absorber elements is introduced in the core of spherical fuel elements in the form of a column, but wherein the intermixing of the absorber material with the fuel elements is prevented. An apparatus for practicing the process is also provided comprised of a graphite side reflector concentrically surrounding a circular cylindrical core filled with a pile of spherical fuel elements of a high temperature nuclear reactor, into which at least two nose shaped projections distributed uniformly about the circumference radially project, with each of the projections comprising a vertical cavity to contain the absorber material. The vertical cavity is located in the vicinity of the core in the area of the frontal side facing the core of each projection.

Abstract: A gas cooled nuclear reactor may have a stationary pile of spherical operating elements. The reactor may be controlled and shut down by absorber rods displaceable in channels of the side reflector. The neutron sources required for the safe start-up of such pellet pile reactors, which in the case of higher capacity pile reactors are installed in bores of the side reflector, are arranged in the stationary pile, where they are more effective and do not occupy positions in the side reflector. They may be located in one or more graphite elements having the same diameter as the operating elements. These elements may be introduced and removed into and from the core together with the operating elements and remain stationary in operation.

Abstract: A roof reflector comprising at least three individual layers of tapered layer elements combined in the form of vertical columns. Each column rests on a block column of the lateral reflector. Individual elements are secured by wedges and dowels to permit vertical column movements without constraint. The top and bottom layers comprise gas collector spaces communicating with each other by passage openings in the middle layer. In the top and bottom layers are also slot-shaped passage openings leading to an from the collector spaces. Preferably, they are radially offset relative to the passage openings in the middle layer to obtain good gas mixing as it rises through the reflector.Such a roof reflector is useful for avoiding roof reflector element damage if one element is vertically displaced relative to an adjacent element. The roof elements are carefully designed to achieve this end and maintain cover utility.

Abstract: A shutdown system for a high temperature nuclear reactor where absorber material elements in the form of balls pass from an elevated reservoir into a vertical channel formed by aligned vertical cavities in horizontal, nose-shaped projections from the side reflector. The balls are transported back to the reservoir by way of a conveyor device. It must be insured that even in the case of accidents the absorber balls arrive in the cavities and that a rapid return of the absorber balls into the reservoir takes place. For the purpose, the reservoir is provided with an automatically-actuated and controllable device for releasing an opening between the reservoir and the vertical channel feed line. Below the channel is a removal tube terminating in a housing and arranged to form a pile of the absorber balls which seals the removal tube. To return the absorber balls, a metering gas acts on the pile and brings the absorber balls to a carrier gas.

Abstract: An absorber rod for nuclear reactors with a pile of spherical fuel elements, which is inserted directly into the pile, in order to affect the prevailing neutron flux by absorber material located in an annular gap between two concentric cylindrical rod elements. The absorber rod has concentric rod elements arranged in pairs, a common rod tip and common connecting pieces. The rod elements are cooled by flow of gas and the inner cylindrical rod element performs the support function, i.e., it absorbs and transmits forces and moments originating in the movements of the rod during insertion and extraction.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor installation with a simple configuration includes a transport container which may be placed on the cover of the cavity. The transport container bottom overlaps the cover access opening. A vertical displaceable pebble conveyor line extends from the pebble pile surface to the transport container interior. A blower is located between the transport container and the reactor. The blower suction line is connected to the transport container interior and the blower pressure line leads into the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A gas-cooled high temperature reactor having a core filled with spherical fuel elements is provided comprising a graphite side reflector including at least one nose-like projection comprised of a plurality of graphite nose stones stacked one upon the other, said nose stones each including at least one vertically disposed continuous cavity aligned with at least one vertically disposed continuous cavity in adjacent nose stones, said cavity adapted to receive discrete absorber material elements introduced into the reactor core, said nose stones further including at least one vertically aligned continuous gap which extends into said nose stones from a front portion thereof and is aligned with a corresponding continuous gap in adjacent nose stones, communication between said continuous gap and said cavity being prevented, said nose stones also comprising in top and bottom surfaces thereof sealing means which enable adjacent nose stones to be stacked in a manner sufficient to seal said at least one cavity in a gas-

Abstract: A nuclear power plant (heating plant) with a helium cooled high temperature reactor with spherical fuel elements, located in a cylindrical prestressed concrete pressure vessel, suitable for supplying heat (for local or remote heating or the generation of process steam) with a capacity of approximately 50 to 300 MWth. The high temperature reactor core is located out of center in the prestressed concrete pressure vessel, with at least two heat exchangers installed adjacent and offset in the upward direction relative to it. The heat exchangers are each connected on the secondary side to an intermediate circulation loop including an intermediate heat exchanger and circulating pump, and have an auxiliary circulation loop with a recooling system connected in parallel with them for the removal of decay heat. The auxiliary loops are closed in normal operation.

Abstract: An inspection device for the inspection of internal spaces in nuclear reactor installations requires extremely small dimensions while being capable of use at high temperatures and exposures to radiation during shutdown periods of the reactor. The device is designed so that it is readily adapted to a particular inspection purpose. The particular device meeting these requirements comprises a camera arranged in a tube and cooled in such tube. The objective of the camera and/or a mirror are each connected with means for relative movement. A source light and the movement means are designed as separate structural elements which may be assembled in different combinations in a modular fashion.

Abstract: The drive for an absorber rod for a nuclear reactor has a drive piston guided in a cylinder combined with the absorber rod forming an absorber unit. In order to compensate the forces exerted by the medium of the pressure vessel on the absorber unit and tending to pressure the absorber rod axially outward, an equalizing surface is arranged in the absorber unit. The equalizing surface is exposed on one side to the medium of the pressure vessel and/or the cooling medium of the absorber rod, so that an equalizing force is acting on the absorber unit. In the event of a failure of the drive medium acting on the drive piston of the absorber unit or during fluctuations and changes of the internal pressure in the pressure vessel, the absorber unit remains in its existing position, i.e. no unintentional withdrawal of the absorber rod from the pressure vessel takes place.

Abstract: A driving apparatus for raising and lowering an absorber rod within a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. The apparatus comprises a driving system which includes a motor-driven flexible support member that is connected to the absorber rod through both a coupling element and a connecting element, and a storage means for storing any excess length of flexible support member. Both the driving system and the storage means are detachably enclosed within a desired gaseous environment that is isolated from the interior of the pressure vessel by a screening plug having a passageway therein through which the connecting element is disposed for movement between an upper end position and a lower end position.