Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a processor and memory. The memory stores relation-defining data for defining a relation between a state of a vehicle and an action variable that is a variable relating to operations of a transmission installed in the vehicle. The processor is configured to execute acquisition processing, operation processing, reward calculation processing, updating processing, counting processing, and limiting processing. The processor is configured to output the relation-defining data updated so that an expected income is increased when the transmission is operated following the relation-defining data, based on an updating map.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, which are useful for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus complications or obesity, since the compounds have glucokinase-activating effects, and are presented in Formula (I): wherein R1 represents a lower alkylsulfonyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom; R20 represents, e.g., a hydrogen atom; m represents an integer of from 1 to 3; and n represents zero or 1, or relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a diffractive optical element that can suppress the generation of heat from the inside of an insulative substrate and stabilize an etching rate. A method for manufacturing a diffractive optical element composed of an insulative substrate whose surface has a bumpy structure includes a selecting step of selecting an insulative substrate having an electrical resistivity equal to or higher than a certain value by measuring electrical resistivity of insulative substrates; and an etching step of forming a bumpy structure by dry etching in a surface of the insulative substrate selected in the selecting step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, which are useful for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus complications or obesity, since the compounds have glucokinase-activating effects, and are presented in Formula (I): wherein R1 represents a lower alkylsulfonyl group; R2 represents a hydrogen atom; R20 represents, e.g., a hydrogen atom; m represents an integer of from 1 to 3; and n represents zero or 1, or relates to a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of a formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, useful as a therapeutic agent for various ACC-related disorders.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a diffractive optical element that can suppress the generation of heat from the inside of an insulative substrate and stabilize an etching rate. A method for manufacturing a diffractive optical element composed of an insulative substrate whose surface has a bumpy structure includes a selecting step of selecting an insulative substrate having an electrical resistivity equal to or higher than a certain value by measuring electrical resistivity of insulative substrates; and an etching step of forming a bumpy structure by dry etching in a surface of the insulative substrate selected in the selecting step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of a formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, useful as a therapeutic agent for various ACC-related disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of a formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, useful as a therapeutic agent for various ACC-related disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of a formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof, useful as a therapeutic agent for various ACC-related disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crystalline free base compound having the following formula: wherein R is an unsubstituted pyridyl methyl group or a pyridyl methyl group substituted by a hydroxy methyl group; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula wherein R1 either represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an ester residue, an alkali metal or negative charge, and R3 and R4 are the same or different, and each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbonic group optionally containing hetero atom(s) selected from the group consisting of oxygen atom(s), sulfur atom(s) and nitrogen atom(s), or they are combined together with the nitrogen atom to which they bound to form a heterocyclic group, and the use thereof as an antibacterial agent.