Abstract: The invention provides a specific battery detection means that specifies single batteries believed to be in an excess discharge state during operation of the electric motor for starting the engine, based on data for each battery pack detected prior to starting the engine. With the specific battery detection means, a change in voltage for specific single batteries is measured for a drop in voltage of a single battery by the discharge via the voltage detection means. The specific battery detection means is configured such that if the results of this measurement are outside a predetermined threshold value, the power supplied to the electric motor for starting the engine is limited.

Abstract: The invention provides a specific battery detection means that specifies single batteries believed to be in an excess discharge state during operation of the electric motor for starting the engine, based on data for each battery pack detected prior to starting the engine. With the specific battery detection means, a change in voltage for specific single batteries is measured for a drop in voltage of a single battery by the discharge via the voltage detection means. The specific battery detection means is configured such that if the results of this measurement are outside a predetermined threshold value, the power supplied to the electric motor for starting the engine is limited.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided, by which a state of charge of a battery is accurately computed without being influenced by the polarization effect. An estimated voltage of the battery 13 in a constant load discharge with a predetermined large current value is estimated from a voltage-current characteristic when the discharge current of the constant load discharging process by the battery 13 that is in an equilibrium state is decreasing from the predetermined large current value corresponding to a maximum supplying electric power to the load. A difference between the estimated voltage and an open circuit voltage, which estimates the estimated voltage and is a terminal voltage of the battery 13 that is in an equilibrium state before the start of the constant load discharge by using the predetermined large current value, is calculated.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for computing a charging state of a battery without being affected by an influence of polarization are provided. First computing means computes a voltage-current characteristic including the influence of the polarization during an decrease of a discharge current of the battery on the basis of a terminal voltage and discharge current measured while the battery carries out a constant load discharge with a current value large enough to cancel a charge-side polarization arisen in the battery at least just before the discharge. A second computing means shifts the voltage-current characteristic to a specific extent in the direction of a voltage coordinate axis. A residual voltage drop value in advance stored by storing means is added to a present estimated voltage value estimated by estimating means on the basis of the shifted voltage-current characteristic, thereby a present open circuit voltage of the battery is computed.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring a pure resistance of an in-vehicle battery, a terminal voltage and a discharging current of the battery are measured when the discharging current flows from the battery. A first approximate equation of a voltage-current characteristic curve is acquired for an increasing discharging current, and a second approximate equation is the voltage-current characteristic curve is acquired for a decreasing discharging current. Two points providing equal synthesized resistances each composed of the pure resistance and polarization resistance component are set on the voltage-current characteristic curves represented by the first and the second approximate equations, respectively. The gradients between the two points in each of the voltage-current characteristic curves are corrected to provide two corrected gradients each exclusive of a voltage drop due to the polarization resistance component.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for computing a charging state of a battery without being affected by an influence of polarization are provided. First computing means computes a voltage-current characteristic including the influence of the polarization during an decrease of a discharge current of the battery on the basis of a terminal voltage and discharge current measured while the battery carries out a constant load discharge with a current value large enough to cancel a charge-side polarization arisen in the battery at least just before the discharge. A second computing means shifts the voltage-current characteristic to a specific extent in the direction of a voltage coordinate axis. A residual voltage drop value in advance stored by storing means is added to a present estimated voltage value estimated by estimating means on the basis of the shifted voltage-current characteristic, thereby a present open circuit voltage of the battery is computed.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring a pure resistance of an in-vehicle battery, a terminal voltage and a discharging current of the battery are measured when the discharging current flows from the battery. A first approximate equation of a voltage-current characteristic curve is acquired for an increasing discharging current, and a second approximate equation is the voltage-current characteristic curve is acquired for a decreasing discharging current. Two points providing equal synthesized resistances each composed of the pure resistance and polarization resistance component are set on the voltage-current characteristic curves represented by the first and the second approximate equations, respectively. The gradients between the two points in each of the voltage-current characteristic curves are corrected to provide two corrected gradients each exclusive of a voltage drop due to the polarization resistance component.

Abstract: A battery capacity detection system according to the invention is provided with: a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of the battery; a full-charge voltage calculation section for calculating a voltage of the battery in a full charge state by using the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor; and an SOC calculation section for calculating an SOC of the battery by using the voltage of the battery in the full charge state calculated by using the temperature in the full-charge voltage calculation processing section.

Abstract: An alternator for a vehicle, including a rotating yoke composed of a pair of hook-shaped magnetic poles arranged in facing relation to each other and being concentrically attached to a shaft, a magnetic-field winding for generating a magnetizing force in the hook-shaped magnetic poles, stator magnetic poles arranged in the periphery of the rotating yoke, magnets for decreasing leakage magnetic flux arranged between the hook portions of the hook-shaped magnetic poles, and protection covers arranged in the positions of the outer surface of the magnets fixed to the side surfaces of the hook portions between the hook portions such that the outer surface does not become higher than the outer periphery of the hook portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides conductive materials having high ionic conductivity and cationic transference number, small amount of polarization and good flexibility. The conductive material comprises high molecular compounds and alkalisiloxyaluminate.

Abstract: Object of the present invention is to provide an induction alternating current generator on vehicle and a method for generating alternating current in a generator on vehicle, which improve the efficiency of the generator by increasing magnetic flux permeating a stator core.Second electromagnetic exciting means for generating magnetic field in the direction of repelling the leak magnetic flux between neighboring claw poles, are provided in the spaces formed by the neighboring claw poles engaging each other at a gap and first electromagnetic exciting means provided inside a pair of the rotor cores of the induction alternating current generator on vehicle.

Abstract: A technique for producing a chip mount type package or a TAB package with high reliability, without use of a flux which would cause environmental pollution or would hinder an enhancement of reliability, more particularly pertains to a method of irradiating bonding surfaces, for which a solder is used, and solder bump electrodes of a package with an atomic or ion energy beam, and bonding the bonding surfaces to each other under normal pressure (about 1 atm) in a continuous apparatus.

Abstract: An invention relating to a technique for producing a chip mount type package or a TAB package with high reliability, without use of a flux which would cause environmental pollution or would hinder an enhancement of reliability, and more particularly pertaining to a method of irradiating bonding surfaces, for which a solder is used, and solder bump electrodes of a package with an atomic or ion energy beam and bonding the bonding surfaces to each other under normal pressure (about 1 atm) in a continuous apparatus.

Abstract: A sheath flow type flow-cell device for plow-cytometer which comprises a first inlet for sheath fluid, a flow passage communicated with the first inlet and contracted toward downstream, the flow passage having a substantially rectangular cross section, a straight capillary flow passage connected to the flow passage downstream thereof, the capillary flow passage having a substantially rectangular cross section, a second inlet for sample fluid, a nozzle communicating with the second inlet and opened within the flow passage in the same direction as the flow direction of the straight capillary flow passage, a discharge port provided at a terminal end of the straight capillary flow passage, and flow regulating means for regulating the flow of the sheath fluid in the straight capillary flow passage to be a laminar flow having a gradient of flow velocity.

Abstract: In a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus in accordance with the present invention, transfer means for transferring substrates, which have been transferred from an introduction chamber, to a growth chamber and for transferring the substrates after the growth of a film, which have been transferred from the growth chamber, to a discharge chamber consists of a rotary disc which supports thereon a plurality of substrates and transfers them to the growth chamber and then to the discharge chamber, and all of the introduction chamber, the growth chamber and the discharge chamber are disposed at predetermined positions, respectively, so that the molecular beam crystal growth can be effected in a clean room which is separated from a maintenance room.

Abstract: In a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus, the loading chamber for introducing the substrates is made separable from both the preparation chamber for cleaning the substrates and the growth chamber for forming thin films onto the respective substrates, so that the evacuation of the loading chamber is possible even when the loading chamber is separated from the apparatus, thus improving the productivity thereof.

Abstract: A rotary substrate holder of a molecular beam epitaxy apparatus including leads-cum-posts serving both as leads for passing a current to a heater for heating a substrate and as posts for supporting the heater. By this arrangement, heat transferred from the heater to a bearing disposed in the vicinity of the heater is minimized in amount, thereby prolonging the service life of the holder and minimizing a heat loss thereof.

Abstract: A heat storage material to be used for air cooling systems is provided. This heat storage material comprises acetic acid or a mixture of acetic acid and one or more acetates and is further added with at least one anhydrous halide as nucleating agent to prevent supercooling.

Abstract: A girder for supporting a movable body has a truss structure of a cross-sectional shape forming an isosceles triangle with a horizontal base. The truss structure is formed of three main tubes of a circular cross section that are located in positions corresponding to respective corners of the triangle and extend continuously over the length of the girder. A plurality of branch tubes of circular cross section are fixed at their ends to respective pairs of the main tubes by joint pieces, such that three branch tubes lie in a plane extending through the respective joint pieces perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the main tubes so as to form the isosceles triangle. A rail support is secured to each main tube of the base of the isosceles triangle at a position disposed upwardly and outwardly of the center thereof, and a rail, along which the movable body is traversable, is supported on each rail support.

Abstract: A joint for interconnecting a main pipe and an auxiliary pipe of a framework structure. The joint is adapted to envelope the main pipe and to be fixed thereto and is provided with an expanded portion. The auxiliary pipe is adapted to be fixed to the expanded portion of the joint so that the main pipe and the auxiliary pipe are connected to each other through the joint.