Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus includes an optical cell having an outlet for fluid and filled with a buffer solution, and a plurality of electrophoresis lanes, each including a separation medium, which separate samples labeled with fluorophores, one end of each of the electrophoresis lanes being disposed in the optical cell to enable the separated samples labeled with the fluorophores to migrate from the electrophoresis lanes into the buffer solution in the optical cell. There is also provided a vessel containing a buffer solution, the vessel being disposed so that a level of the buffer solution in the vessel is higher than the ends of the electrophoresis lanes disposed in the optical cell, a passage connecting the vessel with the optical cell, a light source which emits light which excites the fluorophores to emit fluorescence, and a photodetector which detects the fluorescence emitted by the fluorophores.

Abstract: A method tests a gene and includes the steps of amplifying a target region to be analyzed of a double-stranded DNA using primers and dNTPs, enzymatically decomposing pyrophosphate formed in the former step and the primers and dNTP used therein, repeatedly synthesizing a complementary strand using primers specific to the sequence and mutation of the target region to be analyzed, and converting a pyrophosphate formed in the step of synthesizing into ATP, allowing the ATP to react with a chemiluminescent reagent to generate chemiluminescence, and monitoring the generated chemiluminescence to thereby detect the presence of the target to be analyzed. This method can easily and simply be performed with high sensitivity at low cost, in which a series of reactions can be performed in a homogenous measuring system.

Abstract: To provide a method and an apparatus for detecting DNA mutation without using electrophoresis, the presence or absence of specific sequence is detected by a method comprising a step of serially hybridizing a 5-base-long to 8-base-long short oligomer 6, which is capable of being engaged in the complementary strand extension reaction, and a long oligomer 61, which is capable of hybridizing with a target DNA but incapable of being engaged in the complementary strand extension reaction, with the target DNA 63; a step of carrying out the complementary strand extension reaction 66 starting from the short primer using four kinds of nucleic acid substrates and polymerase; and a step of detecting photo-emission, in which pyrophosphate 68 produced as a reaction by-product of the complementary strand extension reaction is converted into ATP and the photo-emission reaction is carried out using an enzyme.

Abstract: The DNA sample preparation apparatus of the present invention comprises a base plate having a plurality of first grooves for fixing two or more kinds of DNA samples or primers to the inner surfaces of the grooves, respectively, a second groove communicating with the plurality of the first grooves, wherein a reaction solution is introduced into the first grooves to be reacted with the two or more kinds of said DNA samples or primers independently at the same time.

Abstract: A sample preparation apparatus for DNA analysis comprises a holder for separating specific primers on the basis of size, color, weight, dimension, or degree of magnetization, the specific primers having base sequences complementary to a plurality of DNA fragments to be amplified via PCR, and the specific primers being capable of binding respectively to the DNA fragments; and a reaction-solution-holding plate having a concavity which accommodates one edge of the holder and a PCR solution containing a common primer capable of hybridizing with the base sequence of an oligonucleotide introduced into the 5′-end of each of the DNA fragments, and the DNA fragments.

Abstract: There are beforehand prepared a monomer having a reaction residue and a polynucleotide probe set comprising plural kinds of polynucleotide probes having a residue bonded to the reaction residue. The monomer is mixed with each kind of polynucleotide probes comprising any plural probes selected from the polynucleotide probe set. Each kind of the resultant mixtures is added to each of different small holes to make the mixture into gel matrix. Thus, a polynucleotide probe chip is produced. Sample DNA is forcibly migrated in the gels by electrophoresis. Laser light is projected onto the side face of the chip. The fluorescence emitted from the whole surface of the chip is collectively detected with a high-sensitive two-dimensional detector. Thus, the polynucleotide probe chip, holding various kinds of DNA probes, for detecting DNA can be provided. This chip has high hybridization-efficiency and makes high-sensitivity and high-speed DNA detection possible.

Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: A sample preparation apparatus for DNA analysis comprises a holder for separating specific primers on the basis of size, color, weight, dimension, or degree of magnetization, the specific primers having base sequences complementary to a plurality of DNA fragments to be amplified via PCR, and the specific primers being capable of binding respectively to the DNA fragments; and a reaction-solution-holding plate having a concavity which accommodates one edge of the holder and a PCR solution containing a common primer capable of hybridizing with the base sequence of an oligonucleotide introduced into the 5′-end of each of the DNA fragments, and the DNA fragments.

Abstract: The inventive method for assaying DNA fragments in mixture comprises

Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: An apparatus for the separation and fractionation of differentially expressed gene fragments includes a separating means including a capillary filled with a separation medium to separate DNA fragments by electrophoresis, a sampling means including sampling vessels to fractionate and sample the separated DNA fragments, according to their size, a transferring means to transfer buffer solution containing the separated DNA fragments to the sampling means, and a control means to control the sampling means based on a signal gained by detecting means, wherein a voltage for the electrophoresis and a length of the capillary are adjusted such that a spread in time of the separated DNA fragments caused by the transferring means during the transfer of the separated DNA fragments to the sampling vessels is smaller than a difference in separation time of the DNA fragments in the separating means.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a high-quality capillary tube used in an electrophoresis apparatus in a safe and inexpensive manner.

Abstract: The present invention provides a DNA base sequencing system having a compact, simple and convenient structure.

Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: A sample preparation apparatus for DNA analysis comprises a holder for separating specific primers on the basis of size, color, weight, dimension, or degree of magnetization, the specific primers having base sequences complementary to a plurality of DNA fragments to be amplified via PCR, and the specific primers being capable of binding respectively to the DNA fragments; and a reaction-solution-holding plate having a concavity which accommodates one edge of the holder and a PCR solution containing a common primer capable of hybridizing with the base sequence of an oligonucleotide introduced into the 5′-end of each of the DNA fragments, and the DNA fragments.

Abstract: A sample preparation apparatus for DNA analysis comprises a holder for separating specific primers on the basis of size, color, weight, dimension, or degree of magnetization, the specific primers having base sequences complementary to a plurality of DNA fragments to be amplified via PCR, and the specific primers being capable of binding respectively to the DNA fragments; and a reaction-solution-holding plate having a concavity which accommodates one edge of the holder and a PCR solution containing a common primer capable of hybridizing with the base sequence of an oligonucleotide introduced into the 5′-end of each of the DNA fragments, and the DNA fragments.

Abstract: The DNA sample preparation apparatus of the present invention comprises a base plate having a plurality of first grooves for fixing two or more kinds of DNA samples or primers to the inner surfaces of the grooves, respectively, a second groove communicating with the plurality of the first grooves, wherein a reaction solution is introduced into the first grooves to be reacted with the two or more kinds of said DNA samples or primers independently at the same time.

Abstract: There is used at least one probe array obtained by arraying particles having various probes, respectively, fixed thereon (probe particles) in a definite order in a holder. A plurality of capillaries or grooves packed with various kinds, respectively, of probe particles are arrayed in parallel, and one of particles contained in each capillary or groove is injected into another capillary or groove to produce a probe array in which the various kinds of probe particles are arrayed in a constant and definite order. Various fluorophore-labeled DNA's are measured at the same time by attaching various probes to particles, respectively, of different sizes. A probe array composed of various fixed DNA probes can easily be produced, and there can be provided a probe array for detecting various DNA's which is composed of various fixed arbitrary DNA probes.

Abstract: A single molecule of single-stranded sample DNA (7) having a bead (5) at one end and a magnetic bead (6) at the other end is extended and fixed in the field of view of a fluorescent microscope by using a magnetic force (11) and a laser trap (3), and a primer (8) is bonded thereto, followed by elongation reaction (10) using polymerase. Only a single chemically modified nucleotide (9) labeled with at least one fluorophore which varies depending on the kind of the base is incorporated. Only the single fluorophore incorporated is measured as a fluorescence-microscopic image by evanescent irradiation (13) with exciting laser beams, and the kind of the base is determined from the kind of the fluorophore. The fluorophore labeling the nucleotide incorporated is released by evanescent irradiation (13) with ultraviolet laser beams (2), and the next nucleotide is incorporated. DNA sequencing is carried out by repeating the above procedure.

Abstract: An electrophoresis apparatus includes a plurality of capillaries through which samples labeled with a plurality of fluorophores migrate, a pair of electrodes which generate an electric field which causes the samples labeled with the fluorophores to migrate through the capillaries, a light source which emits laser light which irradiates the samples labeled with the fluorophores at irradiation positions respectively corresponding to the capillaries in a direction which is perpendicular to a direction in which the samples migrate and which is parallel to a plane formed by the capillaries, thereby exciting the fluorophores to emit fluorescence at the irradiation positions, a photodetector which detects the fluorescence emitted by the fluorophores, and a holder which holds the capillaries at intervals of 1 mm or less near the irradiation positions.