Abstract: An image-forming apparatus with multiple toner image-forming units that form toner images by developing electrostatic latent images by means of a developer containing a nonmagnetic toner and a magnetic carrier. Each of the toner image-forming units has a photoreceptor, a developing device that develops an electrostatic latent image borne on the surface of the photoreceptor, and multiple cleaning rolls, which have a magnetic particle layer of magnetic particles at the surface that are located in the state freely rotatable and in contact with or in the neighborhood of the surface of the photoreceptor. Furthermore, the cleaning rolls absorb nonmagnetic toners present on the surface of the photoreceptor on the magnetic particle layer thereof by rotation and the photoreceptor is rotating at a peripheral velocity of approximately 200 mm/sec or more.

Abstract: A chip-on-board module has a multilayer interconnection board having die mount sections; dies mounted on respective die mount sections such that a single die is mounted on each die mount section or two or more dies are being stacked and mounted there; bonding pads provided on the multilayer and connected to single dies or uppermost dies; contact pads provided on the multilayer board and connected to corresponding bonding pads; jumper pads provided in proximity to the contact pads and connected to edge terminals of the multilayer board, circuit elements mounted on the multilayer interconnection board, or through holes formed so as to extend across layers of the multilayer board; and molding resin for molding the dies and the pads. The uppermost dies of the respective die mount sections where dies are stacked in two or more layers have passed an electric property test.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprising multiple toner image-forming units that form toner images by developing electrostatic latent images by means of a developer containing a nonmagnetic toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein: each of the toner image-forming units further comprises a photoreceptor, a developing device that develops an electrostatic latent image borne on the surface of the photoreceptor, and multiple cleaning rolls having a magnetic particle layer of magnetic particles at the surface, which are located in the state freely rotatable and in contact with or in the neighborhood of the surface of the photoreceptor and absorb nonmagnetic toners present on the surface of the photoreceptor on the magnetic particle layer thereof by rotation; and the photoreceptor is rotating at a peripheral velocity of approximately 200 mm/sec or more.

Abstract: A chip-on-board module has a multilayer interconnection board having die mount sections; dies mounted on respective die mount sections such that a single die is mounted on each die mount section or two or more dies are being stacked and mounted there; bonding pads provided on the multilayer and connected to single dies or uppermost dies; contact pads provided on the multilayer board and connected to corresponding bonding pads; jumper pads provided in proximity to the contact pads and connected to edge terminals of the multilayer board, circuit elements mounted on the multilayer interconnection board, or through holes formed so as to extend across layers of the multilayer board; and molding resin for molding the dies and the pads. The uppermost dies of the respective die mount sections where dies are stacked in two or more layers have passed an electric property test.

Abstract: Testing of memory chips is facilitated. Further, memory chips which have failed a test can be readily replaced with new non-defective memory chips. Efforts and costs required for replacing defective memory chips with non-defective memory chips can be reduced. A memory module has a circuit board having mounted thereon a plurality of bonding pad groups, a plurality of contact pad groups, a plurality of jumper pad groups, and a plurality of through hole groups, which are assigned to respective chip mount areas. According to a method of manufacturing a memory chip, memory chips are tested through use of the contact pad groups before being encapsulated with molding resin, and there is used a test connector having POGO pins which are brought into contact with corresponding contact pad groups.

Abstract: An image formation system where, when an intermediate transfer body B having a resistivity change layer B2 whose volume resistivity lowers in a state in which predetermined physical stimulation (light application, etc.,) passes through an electricity removal area Q5 after secondary transfer is executed, physical stimulation is given to the intermediate transfer body B for lowering the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer body B and in this state, electricity of the intermediate transfer body B is removed.

Abstract: A developing sleeve for electrophotography is disclosed which has a coating film comprising electroconductive and preferably lubricating particles dispersed in an acrylic resin in which the content of components having a molecular weight lower than 500 is not higher than 3% by weight. The developing sleeve is effective in preventing development ghosts while preventing toner dusting during transfer from becoming worse and has a small environmental dependence of developing properties.

Abstract: A toner for electrostatic-image development which comprises toner particles comprising a colorant and a binder resin, the toner particles having a volume-average particle diameter of from 3 to 9 .mu.m and a particle size distribution satisfying the following expressions (1) and (2):D16(v)/D50(v).ltoreq.1.475-0.036.times.D50(v) (1)D50(p)/D84(p).ltoreq.1.45 (2)wherein D16(v) and D50(v) represent, in terms of absolute value, a cumulative 16% diameter (.mu.m) and a cumulative 50% diameter (.mu.m), respectively, of a cumulative volume particle diameter distribution of the toner particles depicted from the larger diameter side, and D50(p) and D84(p) represent, in terms of absolute value, a cumulative 50% diameter (.mu.m) and a cumulative 84% diameter (.mu.m), respectively, of a cumulative population particle diameter distribution of the toner particles depicted from the larger diameter side.

Abstract: The toner for full-color image formation of the invention comprises a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner has a volume-average particle diameter of from 3.0 to 9.0 .mu.m and satisfies relationship (1) between the volume-average particle diameter and a colorant content thereof:11.0/R.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.21.5/R (1)wherein R is 1/2 of the volume-average particle diameter of the toner (.mu.m) and C is the colorant content of the toner (wt %).This toner for full-color image formation is used to conduct development in such a manner that the toner amount transferred to the receiving paper satisfies relationship (2):0.116R.ltoreq.TMA.ltoreq..ltoreq.0.0223R (2)wherein R is 1/2 of the volume-average particle diameter of the toner (.mu.m) and TMA is the weight of the toner (mg/cm.sup.2) transferred to the receiving paper in a monochromatic solid part thereof.

Abstract: A color toner providing a toner image excellent in brightness, clearness and graininess and a process for producing the same are disclosed, wherein a proportion of dispersed pigment particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.3 .mu.m or greater does not exceed 0.1% of the total number of said dispersed pigment particles. The process comprises kneading a water-containing pigment paste and a binder resin at a temperature of 100.degree. C. or higher under pressure in a heat and pressure kneader to remove a water content to obtain a pigment dispersion, melt-kneading the resulting pigment dispersion together with a binder resin, and grinding the mixture.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner composition comprising toner particles containing at least a colorant, a binder resin and an additive, and an image formation method using the toner composition are disclosed, wherein said additive is an additive prepared by surface-treating titanium dioxide fine particles having less than 0.2% by weight of a water-soluble content with a surface treating agent by a wet process. The toner composition is excellent in chargeability, environmental stability of charging, toner admixing properties, and durability. The toner composition hardly adheres to a contact charging member and, even if it does, it causes no reduction in charging performance of the contact charging member and provides a satisfactory image.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image is disclosed, which is formed by adding and mixing an external additive with toner particles having an average particle size of not larger than 9 .mu.m and comprising at least a colorant and a binder resin, wherein the external additive is fine particles having a particle size of 20 to 80 nm. There is also disclosed a process for preparing the toner which comprises adding external additives to the toner particles and mixing them, wherein the addition and mixing of said external additive are carried out under specific conditions.

Abstract: A method for fixing a full color toner image by inserting a transfer medium to which a toner image is transferred, between a pair of rolls of a fixing apparatus, and pressing the medium therebetween, wherein the toner image is formed of a full color toner prepared by dispersing a colorant into a polyester resin containing a diol component represented by the following general formula (I) as a constituent and having a softening point of 100.degree. to 120.degree. C., as measured by a ring and ball method, a glass transition temperature of 55.degree. C. or more, a Gardner color scale of 2 or less and a haze value of 15 or less, and the fixing operation is conducted while supplying a functional group-containing organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of 10 to 100,000 cs at 25.degree. C.