Abstract: A toner concentration sensing apparatus includes a first acquisition processing portion, a second acquisition processing portion, and a third acquisition processing portion. The first acquisition processing portion acquires a first sensing value corresponding to light reflected by a first region of an image-carrying member where a toner image is not formed. The second acquisition processing portion acquires a second sensing value corresponding to light reflected by a second region of the image-carrying member where a toner image has been formed. The third acquisition processing portion acquires a component ratio of a component in the second sensing value, that corresponds to light reflected by toner adhered onto a surface of the image-carrying member, using a specific calculation formula determined based on a first relational expression based on the first sensing value and a second relational expression not based on the first sensing value, and the second sensing value.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy substrate for a magnetic disc is made of an aluminum alloy, containing Fe: 1.80 mass % or less, Mn: 0.70 mass % or less, Ni: 2.50 mass % or less, Si: 2.50 mass % or less, Cu: 1.00 mass % or less, Zn: 0.48 mass % or less and Mg: 1.00 to 3.50 mass %, wherein a total content of Fe, Mn and Ni is 1.60 to 4.50 mass % and a mass ratio of Cu/Zn is 0.01 to 0.35 or 6.00 to 50.00, with a balance being Al and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A signal transmission circuit includes: a circuit board stored in a housing; a connector which is mounted on the circuit board and includes a first signal terminal and a first ground terminal; and an integrated circuit which is mounted on the circuit board and includes a second signal terminal and a second ground terminal. The first signal terminal and the second signal terminal are connected to each other by a signal wiring arranged on the circuit board. The first around terminal and the second ground terminal are connected to each other by a ground wiring arranged in a predetermined range including a portion immediately above or immediately below the signal wiring in the circuit board. At least a part of the ground wiring immediately above or immediately below the signal wiring has a high impedance structure formed to be wider than the signal wiring and narrower than a combined width of the first signal terminal and the first ground terminal.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a first housing which has therein a first circuit board on which a first electronic component is mounted, a second housing which has therein a second circuit board on which a second electronic component is mounted, and fans which send air passing between the first housing and the second housing. The first housing has a plurality of fins facing the second housing. The second housing has a plurality of fins facing the first housing. In at least one of cross sections of the first circuit board in a thickness direction, the electrical device has a structure having a region in which the fin of the first housing is longer than the fin of the second housing and a region in which the fin of the first housing is shorter than the fin of the second housing.

Abstract: An electronic control device includes a conductive casing; a circuit board which is provided in the casing, and on which an electronic component including an integrated circuit is mounted; and a conductive conductor component that is provided on the circuit board, is disposed at a position higher than the electronic component, and has an elongated shape, in which a distance between the conductor component and the casing is shorter than a distance between the conductor component and the circuit board.

Abstract: An electronic control device includes a base, a first fan and a second fan provided on one surface, a plurality of first heat-dissipating fins provided on the one surface in a first region including a region between first and second fans such that the plurality of first heat-dissipating fins are provided in the region between the first second fans, and a plurality of second heat-dissipating fins provided on the one surface and in a second region. The plurality of first heat-dissipating fins guide a refrigerant sent by one of the first and second fans toward a remaining one of the first and second fans in the first region, and the plurality of second heat-dissipating fins provided in the second region have a structure for guiding a refrigerant flowing in from the first fan or the second fan away from the first fan and the second fan.

Abstract: There are realized a vehicle control device and an electronic control system with high reliability capable of safely shifting control even when an operation abnormality occurs in a sensor around a vehicle or an arithmetic block that processes sensor fusion. The vehicle control device includes a first arithmetic block which performs sensor fusion processing based on pieces of raw data output from a plurality of surrounding environment sensors, a second arithmetic block which performs sensor fusion processing based on pieces of object data generated by processing the pieces of raw data output from the plurality of surrounding environment sensors, and a third arithmetic block which diagnoses an output result of the first arithmetic block by using the output result of the first arithmetic block and an output result of the second arithmetic block.

Abstract: An electronic control device comprising: a housing having conductivity; a circuit board that is arranged in the housing and has a first electronic component mounted on a mounting surface; an external connection portion that is electrically connected to the circuit board and is connectable to a device outside the housing; and a duplexing member that has conductivity and is arranged between an inner surface of the housing and the mounting surface of the circuit board, in which the duplexing member forms a cutout portion to avoid contact between the duplexing member and the first electronic component, and further forms a partition portion that partitions the external connection portion between the housing and the circuit board.

Abstract: There are realized a vehicle control device and an electronic control system with high reliability capable of safely shifting control even when an operation abnormality occurs in a sensor around a vehicle or an arithmetic block that processes sensor fusion. The vehicle control device includes a first arithmetic block which performs sensor fusion processing based on pieces of raw data output from a plurality of surrounding environment sensors, a second arithmetic block which performs sensor fusion processing based on pieces of object data generated by processing the pieces of raw data output from the plurality of surrounding environment sensors, and a third arithmetic block which diagnoses an output result of the first arithmetic block by using the output result of the first arithmetic block and an output result of the second arithmetic block.

Abstract: An electronic control device includes a receiving unit that receives a data signal from an external device via a transmission line, a determination criterion selection unit that determines a determination criterion based on transition information of a waveform in the data signal, and a condition determination unit that determines a condition of a communication system including the external device, the receiving unit, and the transmission line based on a transmission waveform characteristic in the data signal and the determination criterion.

Abstract: A signal transmission circuit includes a common frequency filter configured to filter a signal centering on a common frequency that is an anti-resonance frequency; a first frequency filter configured to filter a signal centering on a first frequency that is an anti-resonance frequency; a second frequency filter configured to filter a signal centering on a second frequency that is an anti-resonance frequency; a first route connected to a first signal wiring line configured to transmit a digital signal; and a second route connected to a second signal wiring line configured to transmit a digital signal.

Abstract: Provided is a technology capable of adding a new function by updating a program of an in-vehicle computer system. An in-vehicle computer system includes a plurality of ECUs. Each ECU is able to communicate with at least one other ECU via a communication bus. An in-vehicle computer system includes a measurement means that measures an ECU state for the ECUs, an estimation means that estimates a vehicle state based on the ECU state and a connection configuration of a communication bus, and a management means that acquires an update program and execution conditions of the update program. The management means selects a first ECU that is to execute the update program based on the vehicle state and the execution conditions. The first ECU executes the update program. The management means determines whether or not an output delay constraint of the update program is satisfied. The management means terminates execution of a redundancy program redundant to the update program.

Abstract: An electronic control device includes an enclosure including a first enclosure having an assembly opening and a second enclosure covering the entire assembly opening, the enclosure having a communication opening communicating with the assembly opening; a circuit board accommodated in the enclosure; an integrated circuit element mounted on the circuit board; and a heat dissipating shield member thermally coupled to the integrated circuit element and grounded, wherein the heat dissipating shield member includes an inner portion accommodated inside the enclosure and thermally coupled to the integrated circuit element and an outer portion extending to an outside of the enclosure via the communication opening.

Abstract: A signal transmission device including a signal wiring, a wide wiring that is formed continuously with one and the other of the signal wirings and has a wiring width larger than a wiring width of at least the one or the other of the signal wirings, a power wiring to which a signal/power separation filter is connected via a branch wiring branching from the wide wiring, and an open stub wiring that is connected to the branch wiring and has an open tip.

Abstract: Provided is an automatic driving system based on a model predictive control, the automatic driving system where, in an event of a failure of an actuator, identification between a real vehicle and a vehicle model is simplified. Based on information regarding the failure of the actuator, the automatic driving system updates a spot in the vehicle model, the spot corresponding to the spot of failure detected, to a fixed value, and causes an actuator control device for the actuator, where the failure is detected, to fix a command value that is overwritten in accordance with a state of the actuator. With this configuration, the identification between the real vehicle and the vehicle model is simplified.

Abstract: An electronic control device including a circuit substrate having a signal wiring and a ground wiring; at least one connector having a signal conductor and a ground conductor respectively connected to the signal wiring and the ground wiring of the circuit substrate on one end side and extending on the other end side; a housing including an accommodating portion that accommodates the circuit substrate and the at least one connector, in which a radio wave path through which a leakage electromagnetic wave propagates from one end on the circuit substrate side toward the other end on the side opposite to the circuit substrate side of the at least one connector is formed in an internal space at the periphery of the at least one connector; and a leakage electromagnetic wave attenuating structure provided between the housing and the at least one connector; where the leakage electromagnetic wave attenuating structure includes a plurality of conductors that are arrayed along a direction in which the leakage electromagn

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle control device and a vehicle control system capable of further reducing system cost in failure mitigation. The vehicle control device includes a master ECU and one or more client ECUs.

Abstract: The reliability of path planning calculation can be evaluated with low load without using multiplexing of calculation or an additional sensor.

Abstract: An electronic control device is connected via a cable to each of a plurality of sensors which outputs a sensor output for each data acquisition cycle determined in advance in accordance with a clock signal. The electronic control device includes a power supply unit configured to supply power to the sensor via the cable, an acquisition unit configured to acquire a feature amount directly or indirectly indicating a magnitude of radiation noise from at least one sensor among the plurality of sensors, a phase difference decision unit configured to decide a phase difference of a data acquisition cycle for each of the plurality of sensors based on the feature amount, and a control unit configured to transmit the phase difference to each of the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: An electronic control unit that is installed on a vehicle connected to a trailer and capable of towing the trailer changes travel control of the vehicle according to a type of the trailer when the trailer is connected to the vehicle.