Abstract: A redox flow battery system includes a redox flow battery cell, a first circulation mechanism, and a second circulation mechanism. The redox flow battery cell includes a positive electrode chamber housing a positive electrode, a negative electrode chamber housing a negative electrode, and a separator separating the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber. The first circulation mechanism and the second circulation mechanisms circulate electrolytic solutions into the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber, respectively. The separator is a porous body. Each of the electrolytic solutions contains an active material and a mediator that has a diameter larger than pore distribution d50 of the separator.

Abstract: A substrate processing technique including a process of forming a liquid film on an upper surface of a substrate and excellently solidifying the liquid film is provided. A substrate processing method includes an atmosphere control step of supplying a drying gas to a front surface of a substrate on which a pattern has been formed and to which a liquid has adhered and making a dry atmosphere around the front surface of the substrate, a to-be-solidified liquid supplying step of supplying a to-be-solidified liquid to the front surface of the substrate, and a solidification step of forming a solidified mass by solidifying a liquid film of the to-be-solidified liquid. The atmosphere control step is started before the liquid film of the to-be-solidified liquid supplied to the front surface of the substrate in the to-be-solidified liquid supplying step is formed.

Abstract: The water treatment device according to the present disclosure includes: an electrochemical cell having electrodes including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a bipolar membrane; a tank; a power supply configured to apply power to the electrodes; a water circulation flow path having at least the tank and the electrochemical cell and through which water circulates; a circulation device configured to circulate water in the water circulation flow path; a raw water supply path configured to supply raw water to the water circulation flow path; and a control device. In performing water softening treatment in the electrochemical cell where power is applied to the electrodes so as to remove ions from raw water and soft water is produced, the control device drives the circulation device so as to circulate water in the water circulation flow path.

Abstract: A polymeric piezoelectric film, including a helical chiral polymer (A) having a weight average molecular weight of from 50,000 to 1,000,000 and optical activity, in which, in the film: a crystallinity given by a DSC method is from 20% to 80%; a standardized molecular orientation MORc is from 3.5 to 15.0 when a reference thickness measured by a microwave transmission-type molecular orientation meter is 50 ?m; and when a direction parallel to a phase difference streak is a direction X, a direction perpendicular to the direction X and parallel to a main plane of a film is a direction Y, and the phase difference streak is evaluated by an evaluation method A, per a length of 1,000 mm in the direction Y, a number of phase difference streaks with an evaluation value of 60 or more is 0, and a sum of the evaluation values of phase difference streaks with an evaluation value of 20 or more is 1000 or less.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises: a first solidifier and a second solidifier. The first solidifier solidifies a liquid to be solidified adhering to a front surface of a substrate by supplying a liquid refrigerant to a back surface of the substrate at a first position. The second solidifier solidifies the liquid to be solidified by at least one of a first cooling mechanism and a second cooling mechanism. The first cooling mechanism cools the liquid to be solidified by supplying a gas refrigerant toward the substrate at a second position more distant from a center of rotation of the substrate in a radial direction than the first position. The second cooling mechanism cools the liquid to be solidified by bringing a processing surface into contact with the liquid to be solidified at the second position.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic memory device includes a first magnetic layer having a variable magnetization direction, and including a first main surface and a second main surface located opposite to the first main surface, a second magnetic layer provided on a first main surface side of the first magnetic layer, and having a fixed magnetization direction, and a nonmagnetic layer provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer, wherein a saturation magnetization of a part of the first magnetic layer which is located close to the first main surface is higher than a saturation magnetization of a part of the first magnetic layer which is located close to the second main surface.

Abstract: A multi-turn detector is configured to detect an amount of multiple turns of an input shaft using a plurality of resolvers. Each resolver includes a rotor portion and a stator portion. The rotor portion has a rotor core composed of a magnetic flux modulating component. The rotor portion rotates in accordance with rotation of the input shaft at a reduction gear ratio that is different from that of a rotor portion of another resolver. The stator portion has an excitation winding that excites an ac magnetic flux in a direction of an axis of rotation of the rotor portion and two detection windings that output ac signals that are obtained by performing amplitude modulation in accordance with a rotation angle of the rotor portion. The excitation windings and the detection windings of the plurality of resolvers are formed by conductor traces in a common multi-layer printed circuit board.

Abstract: The water treatment device according to the present disclosure includes: an electrochemical cell having electrodes including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a bipolar membrane; a tank; a power supply configured to apply power to the electrodes; a water circulation flow path having at least the tank and the electrochemical cell and through which water circulates; a circulation device configured to circulate water in the water circulation flow path; a raw water supply path configured to supply raw water to the water circulation flow path; and a control device. In performing water softening treatment in the electrochemical cell where power is applied to the electrodes so as to remove ions from raw water and soft water is produced, the control device drives the circulation device so as to circulate water in the water circulation flow path.

Abstract: A toner case includes a case main body, a rotator, a transmitter and a shutter. The case main body has a discharge port through which a toner is discharged. The rotator is stored in the case main body and rotates around a rotation axis. The transmitter transmits rotation to the rotator. At least a part of the transmitter is exposed to an outside of the case main body. The shutter is rotatable between a closing position where the shutter closes the discharge port and an opening position where the shutter opens the discharge port. The transmitter is movable between a first position and a second position which is arranged at an outside of the first position in a rotation axis direction of the rotator. The transmitter moves from the first position to the second position as the shutter rotates from the closing position to the opening position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate treating apparatus including the following units: a supplying unit which supplies a process liquid including a sublimable substance in a melt state on a pattern-formed surface of a substrate W; a solidifying unit which solidifies the process liquid on the pattern-formed surface to produce a solidified body; and a sublimating unit which sublimates the solidified body to remove the solidified body from the pattern-formed surface. In this apparatus, the sublimable substance includes a fluorinated carbon compound.

Abstract: A solidified body forming step includes: a first step of landing a processing surface of a cooling member on a liquid film to solidify the liquid to be solidified located in an area sandwiched between an upper surface and the processing surface; and a second step of releasing the processing surface from the solidified area solidified in the first step. The processing surface has a lower temperature than a freezing point of the liquid to be solidified. Adhesion between the solidified area and the processing surface is smaller than that between the solidified area and the upper surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner case and an attachment part. The toner case includes a discharge shutter movable between a first closing position where a discharge port is closed and a first opening position where the discharge port is opened. The attachment part includes a replenishment shutter movable between a second closing position where a replenishment port is closed and a second opening position where the replenishment port is opened. As the discharge shutter moves from the first closing position to the first opening position, the discharge shutter presses the replenishment shutter to move the replenishment shutter from the second closing position to the second opening position. As the discharge shutter moves from the first opening position to the first closing position, the discharge shutter presses the replenishment shutter to move the replenishment shutter from the second opening position to the second closing position.

Abstract: A solidified body forming step includes: a first step of landing a processing surface of a cooling member on a liquid film to solidify the liquid to be solidified located in an area sandwiched between an upper surface and the processing surface; and a second step of releasing the processing surface from the solidified area solidified in the first step. The processing surface has a lower temperature than a freezing point of the liquid to be solidified. Adhesion between the solidified area and the processing surface is smaller than that between the solidified area and the upper surface.

Abstract: A toner case includes a case main body, a rotator, a transmitter and a turner. The rotator is stored in the case main body and rotates around a rotation axis. The transmitter transmits rotation to the rotator. A part of the transmitter is exposed to an outside of the case main body. The turner is provided at an outside of the case main body in a rotation axis direction. The turner is turnable between a first posture and a second posture. At least a part of the turner is moved to an outside in the rotation axis direction as the turner turns from the first posture to the second posture. The transmitter moves from a first position to a second position which is arranged at an outside of the first position in the rotation axis direction as the turner turns from the first posture to the second posture.

Abstract: A toner case includes a case main body, a rotator, a transmitter and a shutter. The case main body has a discharge port through which a toner is discharged. The rotator is stored in the case main body and rotates around a rotation axis. The transmitter transmits rotation to the rotator. At least a part of the transmitter is exposed to an outside of the case main body. The shutter is rotatable between a closing position where the shutter closes the discharge port and an opening position where the shutter opens the discharge port. The transmitter is movable between a first position and a second position which is arranged at an outside of the first position in a rotation axis direction of the rotator. The transmitter moves from the first position to the second position as the shutter rotates from the closing position to the opening position.

Abstract: A toner case includes a case main body, a rotator, a transmitter and a turner. The rotator is stored in the case main body and rotates around a rotation axis. The transmitter transmits rotation to the rotator. A part of the transmitter is exposed to an outside of the case main body. The turner is provided at an outside of the case main body in a rotation axis direction. The turner is turnable between a first posture and a second posture. At least a part of the turner is moved to an outside in the rotation axis direction as the turner turns from the first posture to the second posture. The transmitter moves from a first position to a second position which is arranged at an outside of the first position in the rotation axis direction as the turner turns from the first posture to the second posture.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner case and an attachment part. The toner case includes a discharge shutter movable between a first closing position where a discharge port is closed and a first opening position where the discharge port is opened. The attachment part includes a replenishment shutter movable between a second closing position where a replenishment port is closed and a second opening position where the replenishment port is opened. As the discharge shutter moves from the first closing position to the first opening position, the discharge shutter presses the replenishment shutter to move the replenishment shutter from the second closing position to the second opening position. As the discharge shutter moves from the first opening position to the first closing position, the discharge shutter presses the replenishment shutter to move the replenishment shutter from the second opening position to the second closing position.

Abstract: A rinsing liquid adheres to a substrate subjected to a cleaning process. The rinsing liquid on the substrate is first replaced with IPA liquid. While the substrate covered with the IPA liquid is held in a dryer chamber, liquid carbon dioxide is supplied to the surface of the substrate. Liquid nitrogen is supplied to cool down the interior of the dryer chamber. This solidifies the liquid carbon dioxide on the substrate into solid carbon dioxide. Thereafter, the pressure in the dryer chamber is returned to atmospheric pressure, and gaseous nitrogen is supplied into the dryer chamber. Thus, the temperature in the dryer chamber increases. The solid carbon dioxide on the surface of the substrate is sublimated, and is hence removed from the substrate. All of the steps are performed while carbon dioxide is not in a supercritical state but in a non-supercritical state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate treating apparatus including the following units: a supplying unit which supplies a process liquid including a sublimable substance in a melt state on a pattern-formed surface of a substrate W; a solidifying unit which solidifies the process liquid on the pattern-formed surface to produce a solidified body; and a sublimating unit which sublimates the solidified body to remove the solidified body from the pattern-formed surface. In this apparatus, the sublimable substance includes a fluorinated carbon compound.