Abstract: A laminate which allows to obtain an organic thin-film solar cell having excellent output characteristics and transparency is provided. The laminate as above has a titanium oxide layer that is disposed on the member serving as a light-transmissive electrode layer and serves as an electron transport layer. The titanium oxide layer has a thickness of not less than 1.0 nm and not more than 200.0 nm. The titanium oxide layer contains indium oxide and metallic indium, InOx/Ti is not less than 0.50 and not more than 20.00 in atomic ratio, and InM/Ti is less than 0.100 in atomic ratio, where an elemental titanium content is represented by Ti, an indium oxide content is represented by InOx, and a metallic indium content is represented by InM.

Abstract: A first barrier layer, a channel layer, a second barrier layer, and a first bonding layer made of high-resistance AlGaN doped with Fe are formed on a first substrate. Thereafter, the first substrate and the second substrate are pasted in a state where the first bonding layer and a second bonding layer made of high-resistance GaN doped with Fe are opposed to each other.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, which can provide, when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, in a good balance, an effect to suppress an increase in an internal resistance at a low temperature and an effect to suppress an increase in an amount of gas generated at a high temperature, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing such an % electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and at least a hexafluorophosphate and/or tetrafluoroborate as a solute, and further comprises at least one imide anion-containing salt represented by the following general formula [1] but does not contain a silane compound represented by the following general formula [2] or an ionic complex represented by, for example, the following general formula [3].

Abstract: An emitter contact layer, an emitter layer, a base layer, a p-type base layer, a collector layer, and a sub-collector layer are crystal-grown over a first substrate in this order with the main surface as the Group III polar surface. The emitter contact layer includes a nitride semiconductor that is made n-type at a relatively high concentration. The emitter layer includes a nitride semiconductor having a bandgap larger than that of the nitride semiconductor constituting the emitter contact layer. The base layer includes an undoped nitride semiconductor having a bandgap smaller than that of the nitride semiconductor constituting the emitter layer. The p-type base layer includes the same nitride semiconductor as the base layer and made p-type.

Abstract: A pump portion 21 which is variable in volume, a feeding path portion 24 including a connection opening connected to the pump portion 21 at one end and including a discharge opening 23 at the other end, and a toner accommodating portion 22 connected to an intermediate portion between the one end and the other end of the feeding path portion 24 and for accommodating the toner are provided, and a volume change amount of the pump portion 21 is larger than a total volume from the connection opening to the discharge opening 23 of the feeding path portion 24.

Abstract: A methane production apparatus (200) includes: a holding unit (110) configured to hold any one or both of: a metal organic framework containing any one or a plurality of chromium, copper, and magnesium, and storing carbon dioxide; and potassium bicarbonate; and a hydrogen supply unit (140) configured to supply hydrogen to the holding unit (110).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an image processing device, an image processing method, and a computer program that can reduce the toggle rate without degrading image data. The present invention provides an image processing device that processes image data comprising: a first processing unit, wherein the first processing unit is configured to receive input pixel data and output output pixel data, the input pixel data includes sequential pixel data which is pixel data having N sequential pixel data (N?3), and the output pixel data includes data in which the pixel data included in the sequential pixel data is sorted based on a similarity of the pixel data included in the sequential pixel data.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises anon-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: An image processing device and image processing method that reduce the probability that the power consumption of two processing systems will be maximized simultaneously. Such image processing device includes an image processing circuit, a conversion circuit receiving a first pixel data array outputted from the image processing circuit and converting the first pixel data array into a second pixel data array by converting an arrangement of pieces of pixel data included in the first pixel data array pixel by pixel, the first pixel data array being an aggregate of a plurality of pieces of pixel data, the pieces of pixel data being pieces of data corresponding to a plurality of pixels, each of the pieces of pixel data having a plurality of bits, an aggregate of the pixels forming a pixel array, and a processing unit processing the second pixel data array outputted from the conversion circuit.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, which can provide, when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, in a good balance, an effect to suppress an increase in an internal resistance at a low temperature and an effect to suppress an increase in an amount of gas generated at a high temperature, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing such an % electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and at least a hexafluorophosphate and/or tetrafluoroborate as a solute, and further comprises at least one imide anion-containing salt represented by the following general formula [1] but does not contain a silane compound represented by the following general formula [2] or an ionic complex represented by, for example, the following general formula [3].

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, which can provide, when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, in a good balance, an effect to suppress an increase in an internal resistance at a low temperature and an effect to suppress an increase in an amount of gas generated at a high temperature, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing such an electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and at least a hexafluorophosphate and/or tetrafluoroborate as a solute, and further comprises at least one imide anion-containing salt represented by the following general formula [1] but does not contain a silane compound represented by the following general formula [2] or an ionic complex represented by, for example, the following general formula [3].

Abstract: Provided are an information processing apparatus and program that are able to improve representable gradations in a pseudo manner while reducing flicker including a random number generator configured to generate a random number sequence; a comparator configured to make a comparison between a threshold and a random number value, the threshold being associated with any number of lower bits, the any number of lower bits forming input image data with any number of upper bits, the random number value forming the random number sequence.

Abstract: An image processing device and image processing method that reduce the probability that the power consumption of two processing systems will be maximized simultaneously. Such image processing device includes an image processing circuit, a conversion circuit receiving a first pixel data array outputted from the image processing circuit and converting the first pixel data array into a second pixel data array by converting an arrangement of pieces of pixel data included in the first pixel data array pixel by pixel, the first pixel data array being an aggregate of a plurality of pieces of pixel data, the pieces of pixel data being pieces of data corresponding to a plurality of pixels, each of the pieces of pixel data having a plurality of bits, an aggregate of the pixels forming a pixel array, and a processing unit processing the second pixel data array outputted from the conversion circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises anon-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution for nonaqueous electrolytic solution batteries capable of showing high output characteristics at low temperature even after the batteries are used to some extent, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution batteries. The present invention is characterized in the use of an electrolytic solution for nonaqueous electrolytic solution batteries, the electrolytic solution including a difluoro ionic complex (1-Cis) in a cis configuration represented by the general formula (1-Cis), a nonaqueous organic solvent, and a solute. Furthermore, the electrolytic solution may contain a difluoro ionic complex (1-Trans) in a trans configuration or a tetrafluoro ionic complex (5).

Abstract: Provided are an information processing apparatus and program that are able to improve representable gradations in a pseudo manner while reducing flicker including a random number generator configured to generate a random number sequence; a comparator configured to make a comparison between a threshold and a random number value, the threshold being associated with any number of lower bits, the any number of lower bits forming input image data with any number of upper bits, the random number value forming the random number sequence.

Abstract: To provide a material suitable for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having high-temperature durability. An ionic complex of the present invention is represented by any of the following formulae (1) to (3). For example, in the formula (1), A is a metal ion, a proton, or an onium ion; M is any of groups 13 to 15 elements. R1 represents a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon group which may have a ring, a heteroatom, or a halogen atom, or —N(R2)—. R2 at this time represents hydrogen atom, alkali metal atom, a C1 to C10 hydrocarbon group which may have a ring, a heteroatom, or a halogen atom. R2 can also have a branched chain or a ring structure when the number of carbon atoms is 3 or more. Y is carbon atom or sulfur atom. a, o, n, p, q, and r are each predetermined integers.