Abstract: A small size, low power consumption optical signal processing apparatus is implemented. An optical packet is split into two portions, one of which is used for an optical pulse generator to generate a single optical pulse or an optical pulse train with a period k times the bit period of the optical packet. The single pulse or the optical pulse train is used for an all-optical serial-to-parallel converter utilizing a surface-normal optical switch to convert a second portion of the optical packet into k parallel optical signals, which are then converted into k parallel electrical signals by a photo detector array. The k parallel electrical signals are supplied to an Si-based electronic circuit that implements high-speed optical signal processing. By utilizing the electronic circuit as a memory circuit or label recognition circuit, a buffer processing, address extraction and the like can be implemented.

Abstract: The microcomputer includes the oscillation circuit which outputs an oscillation signal and stops output of the oscillation signal when it receives an oscillation stop signal. The microcomputer receives the wakeup signal of a predetermined cycle at the wakeup terminal. There is provided the clock control circuit which receives the wakeup signal and the oscillation signal, outputs the oscillation stop signal thereby making the oscillation circuit stop output of the oscillation signal, and stops output of the oscillation stop signal based on the wakeup signal thereby making the oscillation circuit restart output of the oscillation signal.

Abstract: A small size, low power consumption optical signal processing apparatus is implemented. An optical packet is split into two portions, one of which is used for an optical pulse generator to generate a single optical pulse or an optical pulse train with a period k times the bit period of the optical packet. The single pulse or the optical pulse train is used for an all-optical serial-to-parallel converter utilizing a surface-normal optical switch to convert a second portion of the optical packet into k parallel optical signals, which are then converted into k parallel electrical signals by a photo detector array. The k parallel electrical signals are supplied to an Si-based electronic circuit that implements high-speed optical signal processing. By utilizing the electronic circuit as a memory circuit or label recognition circuit, a buffer processing, address extraction and the like can be implemented.

Abstract: Storage of data which changes during the operation of a construction machine and processing of data can be performed at a low cost by using existing sensors and switches mounted on the construction machine. In an operation section of a controller, each level for indicating a content of a detection signal of each sensor or an instruction signal of a switch is determined first. Then, the detection signal to be input is judged to belong to which of the respective levels at every sensor readout interval (sampling time), and a count value of the level to which the detection signal was judged to belong is processed to add for a portion of the sampling time. And, a time count value at every level stored in a storage section is read from the outside to perform the data processing.

Abstract: The present invention is aimed at carrying out high-precision and stable image formation using a gray-level image forming technique. In carrying out image formation by a gray-level electrophotographic process, the relationship between the layer thickness Tp of the photosensitive layer on the photosensitive member and the exposure diameter Db of a light beam emitted onto the photosensitive member is defined as 2Tp <Db, so that the charge diffusion and electric field in the photosensitive layer on the photosensitive member can be small. The maximum exposure within the exposure diameter Db is set at a value that can sufficiently reduce the differential sensitivity of the photosensitive layer, where the exposure diameter Db of the light beam is the minimum diameter at 1/e2 with respect to the peak value of the exposure distribution obtained by integrating the energy distribution of the light beam with the exposure time.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing thermoplastic resin film which allows a biaxially oriented polyester film to be formed at a high speed of 400 m/min or more. In the method, a molten thermoplastic resin film is brought into contact with a cooling medium, to be cooled and solidified, for producing a cast film. The method is characterized by keeping the surface temperature of the cooling medium in the region immediately before the melt reaching position at not lower than the glass transition temperature and not higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin. The apparatus is characterized by a cooling medium having a heater and a cooler to ensure that the surface temperature of the cooling medium in the region immediately before the melt reaching position is kept at the requisite temperature, and by a surface temperature of the cooling drum in the region immediately before the film leaving position being maintained lower than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device whereby irrespective of the magnitude of the load the desired maximum flow QM is fed to the hydraulic actuator which drives the working part, thus allowing the working part to work at the desired speed. The flow rate through the flow rate control valves is controlled so that when the operation means is operated beyond a prescribed operating start position, the hydraulic actuators begin to be driven, the flow fed to the hydraulic actuators attaining a prescribed maximum when the operation means is operated to its maximum operating rate, while the rate of change of the flow fed to the hydraulic actuators reaches a prescribed magnitude for each fixed operating rate of the operation means. The rate of change of the flow rate is altered according to the magnitude of the load.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a plurality of image bearing members disposed parallel along a conveying direction of recording sheet and a drive power transmission mechanism that translates movement of a drive source to synchronized and uniform movement of the image bearing members is provided. One embodiment of the drive power transmission mechanism includes a plurality of drive power transmission members and a plurality of intermediate transmission members alternately arranged in groups that are offset relative to each other. The drive power and intermediate transmission members in each group are arranged within a predefined angular orientation to ensure synchronized, uniform movement of the image bearing members and uniform distribution of the toner for each color of the color image being recorded.

Abstract: A process discriminating unit allows an optimum converting process among a first magnification processing unit, a second magnification processing unit, a first reduction processing unit, a second reduction processing unit, and a third reduction processing unit to be executed on the basis of a conversion magnification (K), a resolution (D), and an image size. Particularly, each of the second magnification processing unit, first reduction processing unit, and second reduction processing unit magnifies an original image to a virtual image of a dot size obtained by magnifying a target image by 2 or 4 by an interpolation based on a simple repetition by a nearest neighborhood method and, after that, reduces to the target image in which the pixel value is obtained by averaging a plurality of pixels corresponding to one target pixel of the virtual image.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor element, a package sealing the semiconductor element, and leads for passing signals between the semiconductor element and an external device. Each of the leads has an inner-lead part sealed within the package and connected with the semiconductor element, and an outer-lead part which extends outward from the package toward a top of the package, and is to be connected to the external device. The outer-lead part includes a first-port part at a lower side of the package, and a second-port part at an upper side of the package.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is adapted to be mounted on a circuit substrate in an approximate vertical position. The semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip, a stage having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, where the semiconductor chip is mounted on the first surface, a resin package encapsulating the semiconductor chip, where the resin package has upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces, a plurality of leads respectively having one end electrically connected to the semiconductor chip and another end extending downwardly from the lower surface of the resin package, and an upper extension, provided on the stage, extending upwardly from the upper surface of the resin package.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a semiconductor element, and leads connected with the semiconductor element. Each of the leads includes an outer lead part for being connected externally. The semiconductor device further includes a plastic package sealing the semiconductor element and the leads. In the semiconductor device, the outer lead part is exposed to the outside of a side face of the plastic package, and the plastic package is mounted on any base in a standing form by the side face contacting the base.

Abstract: A method for controlling a tension of a metal strip in a heat treatment furnace, comprising (a) travelling the metal strip through a plurality of tapered rolls; (b) measuring a tension (.sigma.) working on the metal strip through at least one of the tapered rolls; (c) computing a critical tension (.sigma..sub.cr) which generates heat buckle based on a thickness of the metal strip, a width of the metal strip, an elastic modulus of the metal strip, a length of a flat roll portion and a roll taper under a hot state; and (d) controlling the tension measured by the step (b) to be over a tension (.sigma..sub.min) sufficient to prevent transverse displacement but less than the critical tension (.sigma..sub.cr) which generates heat buckle. The critical tension (.sigma..sub.cr) which generates heat buckle is calculated by the equation: .sigma..sub.cr =K.multidot.t.sup.A .multidot.(W-FL).sup.B .multidot..theta..sub.h.sup.c .multidot.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip having electrode pads on the semiconductor chip, the electrode pads including a predetermined electrode. A plurality of leads are electrically connected to the electrode pads on the semiconductor chip, the leads including a predetermined lead electrically connected to the predetermined electrode. A resin package encloses the semiconductor chip and partially encloses the leads. A bypass lead portion electrically connects one of the leads, not adjacent to the predetermined electrode, to a location adjacent to the predetermined electrode, the bypass lead portion being enclosed in the resin package. A supporting lead supports the bypass lead portion such that the supporting lead prevents a deformation of the bypass lead portion, the supporting lead being enclosed in the resin package.

Abstract: In a fishing spinning reel in which a bail is coupled through bail supporting members to the ends of a pair of bail supporting arms which are provided on both sides of a rotor, respectively, in such a manner that the bail is swung to be set at a fishing line winding position and a fishing line releasing position; a protective member for protecting the outer periphery of the spool is provided between the pair of bail supporting arms on the side of the fishing line releasing position. The protective member can reinforce the bail supporting arms to improve the operation of winding or letting out the fishing line. The spool is protected by the protective member, for instance when the spinning reel is dropped.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an engine and an automatic transmission controls a starting timing, a terminating timing, or methods of torque reduction of the engine during gear shifts. Using stored information such as a turbine speed signal, a gear shift signal, a degree to which a throttle valve is opened, a vehicle speed, an engine speed and so on, the control apparatus calculates an appropriate torque reduction which is performed by either retarding ignition timing or cutting fuel supplied to fuel injection valves. According to one embodiment of the invention, by detecting a variation ratio or differential value of turbine speed, a period of the torque reduction is started, ended, and kept within a proper timing. According to another embodiment of the invention, based on a "chasing" state of an input torque of the transmission against the variation of engine load, the timing of torque reduction is changed.

Abstract: A power train control system includes an automatic transmission shift control which detects an operational failure of an electric throttle valve based on an electric throttle opening. The transmission shift control governs or controls shifting of the automatic transmission, based on an electric throttle opening and a vehicle speed when no operational failure of the electric throttle valve is detected and based on a composite opening of an electric throttle opening and a mechanical throttle opening and a vehicle speed when operational failure of the electric throttle valve is detected.

Abstract: An automatic transmission shift control system includes a hydraulically controlled valve mechanism for connecting and disconnecting a supply of hydraulic pressure to frictional coupling elements. Connection and disconnection of the hydraulic pressure supply locks and unlocks the frictional coupling elements in order to automatically shift an automatic transmission into desired gears. A time regulator regulates a duration time for which the valve mechanism is kept actuated and with which a speed at which the frictional coupling element is locked changes. The time regulator is controlled so as to variably regulate the duration time according to conversion efficiency of a torque converter. This conversion efficiency is, for example, determined from a speed conversion ratio and a torque conversion ratio.