Abstract: An object is to provide a nonpolar or semipolar GaN substrate having improved size and crystal quality. A self-standing GaN substrate has an angle between the normal of the principal surface and an m-axis of 0 degrees or more and 20 degrees or less, wherein: the size of the projected image in a c-axis direction when the principal surface is vertically projected on an M-plane is 10 mm or more; and when an a-axis length is measured on an intersection line between the principal surface and an A-plane, a low distortion section with a section length of 6 mm or more and with an a-axis length variation within the section of 10.0×10?5 ? or less is observed.

Abstract: An object is to provide a nonpolar or semipolar GaN substrate having improved size and crystal quality. A self-standing GaN substrate has an angle between the normal of the principal surface and an m-axis of 0 degrees or more and 20 degrees or less, wherein: the size of the projected image in a c-axis direction when the principal surface is vertically projected on an M-plane is 10 mm or more; and when an a-axis length is measured on an intersection line between the principal surface and an A-plane, a low distortion section with a section length of 6 mm or more and with an a-axis length variation within the section of 10.0×10?5 ? or less is observed.

Abstract: A display method includes, determining a first target value by correcting a first luminance value representing luminance at a first position in a first image based on a second luminance value representing luminance at a second position in the first image, displaying, by the display apparatus, on the display surface a first corrected image generated by correcting the first image in such a way that a luminance at the first position in the first image becomes the first target value, displaying, by the display apparatus, on the display surface a third corrected image generated by using a changed first target value obtained by changing the first target value based on a second target value based on a fourth luminance value representing luminance at a fourth position in the second image, when the second target value is smaller than the first target value.

Abstract: A display method includes, determining a first target value by correcting a first luminance value representing luminance at a first position in a first image based on a second luminance value representing luminance at a second position in the first image, displaying, by the display apparatus, on the display surface a first corrected image generated by correcting the first image in such a way that a luminance at the first position in the first image becomes the first target value, displaying, by the display apparatus, on the display surface a third corrected image generated by using a changed first target value obtained by changing the first target value based on a second target value based on a fourth luminance value representing luminance at a fourth position in the second image, when the second target value is smaller than the first target value.

Abstract: A braking control system includes control circuitry configured to control first and second brakes in a vehicle. The control circuitry is configured to calculate a target braking force in accordance with the operation amount of a brake pedal by a driver, determine a first braking force and a second braking force based on the target braking force, and control each of the first and second brakes such that each of the determined braking forces is generated in the vehicle. The first and second braking forces are determined such that a sum of the first and second braking forces becomes the target braking force and a pitch behavior specified by a preset pitch behavior model occurs in the vehicle.

Abstract: In a projector, an optical sensor including a wavelength variable interference filter is disposed in the vicinity of the optical path of illumination light that exits out of an illumination system and travels to a color separation system, and the optical sensor detects the amounts of blue light and fluorescence contained in the illumination light. A processor of the projector adjusts the amounts of blue light and fluorescence based on the result of the detection performed by the optical sensor.

Abstract: In a projector, an optical sensor including a wavelength variable interference filter is disposed in the vicinity of the optical path of illumination light that exits out of an illumination system and travels to a color separation system, and the optical sensor detects the amounts of blue light and fluorescence contained in the illumination light. A processor of the projector adjusts the amounts of blue light and fluorescence based on the result of the detection performed by the optical sensor.

Abstract: A braking control device for a vehicle is provided, which includes an operating amount detecting part configured to detect an operating amount of a brake pedal, a reaction-force giving part configured to generate a reaction force of the brake pedal, a braking-force generating part configured to generate a braking force for wheels according to the brake pedal operating amount, and an electronic control unit (ECU) electrically connected with them. The ECU includes a processor configured to control the giving part and generating part, and set a braking rigidity characteristic based on a braking rigidity that is a ratio of the reaction force to the operating amount, and a vehicle deceleration. The ECU sets a braking rigidity value so that the braking rigidity value increases as the vehicle deceleration becomes larger. The ECU controls the reaction-force giving part based on the braking rigidity value.

Abstract: A braking control device for a vehicle is provided, which includes an operating amount detecting part configured to detect an operating amount of a brake pedal, a reaction-force giving part configured to generate a reaction force of the brake pedal, a braking-force generating part configured to generate a braking force for wheels, and an ECU electrically connected with them and configured to control the reaction-force giving part and the braking-force generating part, and set a braking characteristic in which the reaction force according to a stepping force of the brake pedal and a deceleration of the vehicle have a logarithmic relationship, and when the reaction force is above a given reaction force. The ECU controls the braking-force generating part based on the braking characteristic while making the deceleration for the reaction force higher than the logarithmic relationship.

Abstract: A braking control device for a vehicle is provided, which includes an operating amount detecting part configured to detect an operating amount of a brake pedal, a reaction-force giving part configured to generate a reaction force of the brake pedal, a braking-force generating part configured to generate a braking force for wheels, and an ECU electrically connected with them and configured to control the reaction-force giving part and the braking-force generating part, and set a braking characteristic in which the reaction force according to a stepping force of the brake pedal and a deceleration of the vehicle have a logarithmic relationship, and when the reaction force is above a given reaction force. The ECU controls the braking-force generating part based on the braking characteristic while making the deceleration for the reaction force higher than the logarithmic relationship.

Abstract: A braking control device for a vehicle is provided, which includes an operating amount detecting part configured to detect an operating amount of a brake pedal, a reaction-force giving part configured to generate a reaction force of the brake pedal, a braking-force generating part configured to generate a braking force for wheels according to the brake pedal operating amount, and an electronic control unit (ECU) electrically connected with them. The ECU includes a processor configured to control the giving part and generating part, and set a braking rigidity characteristic based on a braking rigidity that is a ratio of the reaction force to the operating amount, and a vehicle deceleration. The ECU sets a braking rigidity value so that the braking rigidity value increases as the vehicle deceleration becomes larger. The ECU controls the reaction-force giving part based on the braking rigidity value.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a signal generation section that generates a drive signal to drive a light attenuation member that attenuates light radiated from a light source based on a difference between first transmittance and second transmittance, the first transmittance being a target value calculated based on image data and the second transmittance being detected based on the position of the light attenuation member, an expansion factor calculation section that calculates an expansion factor based on the first transmittance and the second transmittance, an expansion section that expands the range of the distribution of luminance values in the image data based on the expansion factor calculated by the expansion factor calculation section, and an output section that outputs the image data expanded by the expansion section to a driver that drives a light modulator that modulates light incident thereon.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a signal generation section that generates a drive signal to drive a light attenuation member that attenuates light radiated from a light source based on a difference between first transmittance and second transmittance, the first transmittance being a target value calculated based on image data and the second transmittance being detected based on the position of the light attenuation member, an expansion factor calculation section that calculates an expansion factor based on the first transmittance and the second transmittance, an expansion section that expands the range of the distribution of luminance values in the image data based on the expansion factor calculated by the expansion factor calculation section, and an output section that outputs the image data expanded by the expansion section to a driver that drives a light modulator that modulates light incident thereon.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the disclosure, a projector includes a light shield unit that shields a portion of a light emitted from a light source. The light shield unit is driven by a drive mechanism and rotates around a predetermined rotation axis to change a size of a light shield area. The light shield unit includes a leading edge having a contour defined by a plurality of first edges and a second edge disposed between the first edges. The second edge configured so as to be shifted toward the light source and away from the first edges during rotation of the light shield unit.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the disclosure, a light control device includes a light blocking module to block a luminous flux passing through the light control device in a direction parallel to a system optical axis. The light blocking module includes a first and a second light blocking member. The first light blocking member includes a cutout portion at an end near a system optical axis, the first light blocking member configured so as to change a size of an area blocking the luminous flux in accordance with an opening and closing operation of the light blocking module. The second light blocking member is disposed in proximity to the first light blocking member and configured so as to increasingly block the luminous flux from passing through the cutout portion of the first light blocking member in accordance with the closing operation of the light blocking module.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the disclosure, a projector includes a light shield unit that shields a portion of a light emitted from a light source. The light shield unit is driven by a drive mechanism and rotates around a predetermined rotation axis to change a size of a light shield area. The light shield unit includes a leading edge having a contour defined by a plurality of first edges and a second edge disposed between the first edges. The second edge configured so as to be shifted toward the light source and away from the first edges during rotation of the light shield unit.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the disclosure, a light control device includes a light blocking module to block a luminous flux passing through the light control device in a direction parallel to a system optical axis. The light blocking module includes a first and a second light blocking member. The first light blocking member includes a cutout portion at an end near a system optical axis, the first light blocking member configured so as to change a size of an area blocking the luminous flux in accordance with an opening and closing operation of the light blocking module. The second light blocking member is disposed in proximity to the first light blocking member and configured so as to increasingly block the luminous flux from passing through the cutout portion of the first light blocking member in accordance with the closing operation of the light blocking module.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus employs a liquid crystal display and a fluorescent lamp for backlighting the screen of the liquid crystal display. A lighting circuit for supplying alternating current lighting power to the fluorescent lamp receives input power from either a commercial alternating current power source or from a direct current battery. The level of the lighting power supplied to the fluorescent lamp is determined based upon a determination of whether the input power is being supplied from the commercial power source or from the battery.

Abstract: When a current that flows into a power output element is greater than a predetermined value, pulse width-modulated signals are formed which vary in inverse proportion to the current value in order to drive the power output element. When an excess current flows into the power output element, therefore, the power output element is allowed to intermittently operate for only short periods of time, and the current can be decreased during the current-limiting operation.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device is supplied with internal circuit operating voltage and/or internal circuit ground potential from the outside through a unidirectional element, and the device is provided with a unidirectional element disposed so as to pass current flowing from a circuit internal ground potential point toward an input and/or output terminal and/or a unidirectional element disposed so as to pass a current flowing from the input and/or output terminal toward an internal circuit operating voltage point. According to the above, signals supplied to the input and/or output terminal can be enlarged without being restricted by the level of the internal circuit operating voltage and/or the internal circuit ground potential by virtue of the switching function of the unidirectional elements.