Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first unit including an image bearing member and a second unit. The second unit includes a developing roller to supply the toner to the image bearing member, a mounting portion in which the replenishing container is dismountably mounted and an accommodating portion to accommodate the toner replenished from the replenishing container. The second unit is movable between a first position where the developing roller contacts the image bearing member and a second position where the developing roller separates from the image bearing member. When a moving direction in which the second unit moves from the first position toward the second position is defined as a separating direction, the second unit is urged in the separating direction by a force which the mounting portion receives from the replenishing container when the replenishing container is mounted to the mounting portion.

Abstract: A reception device includes a measurement unit that measures a first number of times for which a first phase and a first reverse phase based on a differential signal obtained by amplifying a signal based on noise intersect with each other, the first reverse phase being a reverse phase of the first phase, an oscillator that transmits a first signal, a comparison unit that compares the first number of times with a predetermined first reference value, and a signal output unit that outputs a second signal indicating that an optical signal has been received when the first number of times and the first reference value coincide with each other. The measurement unit resets the first number of times when the first signal is received.

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus includes: an ejection unit that ejects from an ejection port a liquid in a pressure chamber communicating with the ejection port; a first flow channel that allows for communication between the pressure chamber and a liquid supply unit; a second flow channel communicating with the pressure chamber; a liquid transportation chamber communicating with a connection flow channel communicating with the first flow channel and the second flow channel; a liquid transportation unit that flows the liquid in the liquid transportation chamber in a predetermined direction by expanding and contracting the liquid transportation chamber with application of a driving voltage including a step-up waveform and a step-down waveform; and a control unit that performs control such that a liquid ejection timing does not coincide with a voltage application period in which one of the step-up and step-down waveforms that has a greater voltage change rate is applied.

Abstract: A liquid ejection module includes a pressure chamber, a supply flow channel that supplies a liquid to the pressure chamber, a collection flow channel that collects the liquid from the pressure chamber, a liquid feeding chamber connected to one of the supply flow channel and the collection flow channel, and a connection flow channel connecting the liquid feeding chamber to the other of the supply flow channel and the collection flow channel. The liquid feeding chamber includes a liquid feeding mechanism that circulates the liquid in the supply flow channel, the pressure chamber, the collection flow channel, the liquid feeding chamber, and the connection flow channel. A ratio of a sum of flow channel resistance of the supply flow channel, the pressure chamber, and the collection flow channel relative to flow channel resistance of the connection flow channel is equal to or above 0.5.

Abstract: A reception device includes a measurement unit that measures a first number of times for which a first phase and a first reverse phase based on a differential signal obtained by amplifying a signal based on noise intersect with each other, the first reverse phase being a reverse phase of the first phase, an oscillator that transmits a first signal, a comparison unit that compares the first number of times with a predetermined first reference value, and a signal output unit that outputs a second signal indicating that an optical signal has been received when the first number of times and the first reference value coincide with each other. The measurement unit resets the first number of times when the first signal is received.

Abstract: In a case where air bubbles exist in ink at the time of circulating the ink within a liquid ejection module, the amount circulating ink runs short and stability of ejection is blocked. The liquid ejection module has: a pressure chamber that communicates with an ejection port and which stores a liquid; an energy generation element that produces energy for causing a liquid to be ejected from the ejection port; a supply flow path that supplies a liquid to the pressure chamber; a collecting channel that collects a liquid from the pressure chamber; a liquid sending chamber that connects to the collecting channel; a connection flow path that connects the liquid sending chamber and the supply flow path; and a liquid sending unit configured to circulate a liquid, and the liquid sending chamber has a continuously inclined structure.

Abstract: In a case where air bubbles exist in ink at the time of circulating the ink within a liquid ejection module, the amount circulating ink runs short and stability of ejection is blocked. The liquid ejection module has: a pressure chamber that communicates with an ejection port and which stores a liquid; an energy generation element that produces energy for causing a liquid to be ejected from the ejection port; a supply flow path that supplies a liquid to the pressure chamber; a collecting channel that collects a liquid from the pressure chamber; a liquid sending chamber that connects to the collecting channel; a connection flow path that connects the liquid sending chamber and the supply flow path; and a liquid sending unit configured to circulate a liquid, and the liquid sending chamber has a continuously inclined structure.

Abstract: A liquid ejection module includes a pressure chamber, a supply flow channel that supplies a liquid to the pressure chamber, a collection flow channel that collects the liquid from the pressure chamber, a liquid feeding chamber connected to one of the supply flow channel and the collection flow channel, and a connection flow channel connecting the liquid feeding chamber to the other of the supply flow channel and the collection flow channel. The liquid feeding chamber includes a liquid feeding mechanism that circulates the liquid in the supply flow channel, the pressure chamber, the collection flow channel, the liquid feeding chamber, and the connection flow channel. A ratio of a sum of flow channel resistance of the supply flow channel, the pressure chamber, and the collection flow channel relative to flow channel resistance of the connection flow channel is equal to or above 0.5.

Abstract: A liquid ejection module includes a pressure chamber, a supply flow channel that supplies a liquid to the pressure chamber, a collection flow channel that collects the liquid from the pressure chamber, a liquid feeding chamber connected to one of the supply flow channel and the collection flow channel, and a connection flow channel connecting the liquid feeding chamber to the other of the supply flow channel and the collection flow channel. The liquid feeding chamber includes a liquid feeding mechanism that circulates the liquid in the supply flow channel, the pressure chamber, the collection flow channel, the liquid feeding chamber, and the connection flow channel. A ratio of a sum of flow channel resistance of the supply flow channel, the pressure chamber, and the collection flow channel relative to flow channel resistance of the connection flow channel is equal to or above 0.5.

Abstract: A legitimacy management system or the like is provided, configured to be suitable for managing history information with legitimacy ensured giving consideration to security. A legitimacy management system 1 includes a user device 3, distribution device 5, and exchange apparatus 7. A splitting engine and combining engine are separately managed by user device 3 and exchange apparatus 7, respectively. User device 3 includes a splitting unit 21. Exchange apparatus 7 includes a combining unit 51. User device 3 instructs splitting unit 21 to split history information into multiple split files, and distributes the split files to user device 3 and the distribution device 5. When the history information is updated, user device 3 issues a request to exchange apparatus 7. In this case, combining unit 51 of exchange apparatus 7 combines the split files to acquire a combined file, and sends the combined file to user device 3.

Abstract: By introducing inequality to the information dispersal/sharing storage method, a ciphertext management method or the like is provided to support novel ciphertext data management. After the ciphertext and key data are each divided, pairs of the divided ciphertext and key data are generated. Specifically, they are one-to-one paired as with conventional techniques. Furthermore, additional one-to-many pairs are generated. The generated one-to-one pairs provide equality as with conventional techniques. When the number of the one-to-one pairs of the divided ciphertext and key data that can be used is equal to or greater than a threshold number, both the ciphertext data and the key data can be reconstructed, and accordingly, the secret data can be decoded. In contrast, even when the one-to-many pairs that can be used is equal to or greater than a threshold number, the ciphertext data and/or the key data cannot be reconstructed. This provides inequality.