Abstract: The present invention relates to a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that the volume-based median size (d50) of particles in the nutrient composition is 5 to 100 ?m and water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition, or a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition and the mass of the protein with respect to the total moles of divalent ions forming the water-insoluble particles is 1.5 to 3 g/mmol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that the volume-based median size (d50) of particles in the nutrient composition is 5 to 100 ?m and water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition, or a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition and the mass of the protein with respect to the total moles of divalent ions forming the water-insoluble particles is 1.5 to 3 g/mmol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that the volume-based median size (d50) of particles in the nutrient composition is 5 to 100 ?m and water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition, or a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition and the mass of the protein with respect to the total moles of divalent ions forming the water-insoluble particles is 1.5 to 3 g/mmol.

Abstract: As a nutritional composition and a composition for the prophylaxis or improvement of lower gastrointestinal function, which improve lower gastrointestinal function and are effective for the prophylaxis or improvement of diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux or misswallowing caused by administration of a liquid nutritional supplement, the present invention provides a nutritional composition and a composition for the prophylaxis or improvement of lower gastrointestinal function, which comprise at least one kind selected from glutamic acid, 5?-nucleotide and a salt thereof, wherein, when glutamic acid alone is contained, the content thereof on administration is 0.0013-1.3 w/v % as free glutamic acid.

Abstract: Agents for the inhibition, suppression, or prevention of overeating include glutamic acid and/or at least one of its salts, as is or in a carrier or base, and have superior safety at a low price and further have a favorable flavor and are suited for long-term use. Such agents will amplify or sustain a sense of fullness and, further, are effective against appetite stimulation that arises regardless of a sense of fullness with respect to foods that are, for example, sweet or delicious, especially for a person who has a drive for thinness.

Abstract: A substance is described which can prevent or treat a disease associated with the secretion of an acid. A calcium receptor activator is the active ingredient in a composition which promotes bicarbonate secretion in a gastrointestinal tract. Examples of the calcium receptor activator include ?-Glu-X-Gly, wherein X represents an amino acid or an amino acid derivative, ?-Glu-Val-Y, wherein Y represents an amino acid or an amino acid derivative, ?-Glu-Ala, ?-Glu-Gly, ?-Glu-Cys, ?-Glu-Met, ?-Glu-Thr, ?-Glu-Val, ?-Glu-Orn, Asp-Gly, Cys-Gly, Cys-Met, Glu-Cys, Gly-Cys, Leu-Asp, ?-Glu-Met(O), ?-Glu-?-Glu-Val, ?-Glu-Val-NH2, ?-Glu-Val-ol, ?-Glu-Ser, ?-Glu-Tau, ?-Glu-Cys(S-Me)(O), ?-Glu-Leu, ?-Glu-Ile, ?-Glu-t-Leu, and ?-Glu-Cys(S-Me).

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent and a food for the prophylaxis or improvement of a functional gastrointestinal disorder, which contains, as an active ingredient, at least one kind selected from glutamic acid, 5?-nucleotide and a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a more effective gastrointestinal function promoter. The present invention also provides a method for the prophylaxis or improvement of functional gastrointestinal disorders, a method for appetite regulation and the like. The present invention also provides a method for screening for a substance capable of promoting a gastrointestinal function. The present invention provides a gastrointestinal function promoter containing a T1R agonist as an active ingredient and a method for the prophylaxis or improvement of functional gastrointestinal disorders, a method for appetite regulation and the like by administering a T1R agonist. The present invention also provides a method of screening for a substance capable of promoting a gastrointestinal function which method uses a cell expressing T1R receptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that the volume-based median size (d50) of particles in the nutrient composition is 5 to 100 ?m and water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition, or a nutrient composition which contains at least a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, and a mineral, and is liquid or semisolid, characterized in that water-insoluble particles having a protein insolubilized by a divalent cation are contained as a major component of the nutrient composition and the mass of the protein with respect to the total moles of divalent ions forming the water-insoluble particles is 1.5 to 3 g/mmol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing the lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and a method for stimulating the immune system in a subject, which include administering an effective amount of glutamic acid or a salt thereof to the subject. Since glutamic acid or a salt thereof is not toxic and is free of side effects, it is safe, can be presented in the form of food, and is suitable for application to the elderly and subjects with reduced resistance. Since immunity is enhanced, general conditions can be improved and the mind and body can be activated.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases, which contains lysine. Using the prophylactic or therapeutic agent, gastrointestinal tract diseases accompanying visceral pain, such as intestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, gastro esophageal disease, functional abdominal pain syndrome, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and the like can be lo treated or prevented. In addition, pharmaceutical agent, food and drink and dietary supplement for the prophylaxis or treatment of visceral pain associated with such gastrointestinal tract diseases are provided. They are highly effective for visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases as compared to existing pharmaceutical agents, show reduced side effects, and are highly effective.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent and a food for the prophylaxis or improvement of a functional gastrointestinal disorder, which contains, as an active ingredient, at least one kind selected from glutamic acid, 5?-nucleotide and a salt thereof.

Abstract: As a nutritional composition and a composition for the prophylaxis or improvement of lower gastrointestinal function, which improve lower gastrointestinal function and are effective for the prophylaxis or improvement of diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux or misswallowing caused by administration of a liquid nutritional supplement, the present invention provides a nutritional composition and a composition for the prophylaxis or improvement of lower gastrointestinal function, which comprise at least one kind selected from glutamic acid, 5?-nucleotide and a salt thereof, wherein, when glutamic acid alone is contained, the content thereof on administration is 0.0013-1.3 w/v % as free glutamic acid.

Abstract: An isolated DNA molecule which encodes a novel glutamate receptor and a transformed cell expressing the receptor are provided.

Abstract: Melatonin has an activity of treating or preventing brain edema. Thus, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising melatonin as an active ingredient. And, the invention relates to use of melatonin in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising melatonin as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter relates to a glutamate receptor, DNA which encodes the receptor, a transformed cell expressing the receptor, a method for producing the receptor, a method for identifying an agonist, antagonist, or allosteric modulator for glutamic acid, a method for identifying an agonist for glutamic acid, an antibody to the receptor, and processes for making glutamate receptor modulators and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said modulator.

Abstract: An agonist or antagonist of glutamic acid or an allosteric modulator is screened by reacting a glutamic acid receptor protein having the following properties with a substance binding thereto in the presence of a test substance and detecting the inhibition or promotion of the reaction: (A) it has a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain common to those of type 4 metabotropic glutamic acid receptor protein, or (B) it has an extracellular domain by about 316 or 327 amino acid residues shorter than that of the type 4 metabotropic glutamic acid receptor protein.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter relates to novel glutamate receptors and utilization thereof; more specifically to a glutamate receptor, DNA which encodes the receptor, a transformed cell expressing the receptor, a method for producing the receptor, a method for identifying an agonist, antagonist, or allosteric modulator for glutamic acid, a method for identifying an agonist for glutamic acid, an antibody to the receptor, and processes for making glutamate receptor modulators and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said modulator.

Abstract: Dihydropyridine derivatives of the following formula, analogs thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof have an activity of selectively inhibiting the action of N-type calcium channel. They are used as remedies for various diseases relating to the N-type calcium channel such as encephalopathies caused by the ischemia in the acute phase after the onset of cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage or the like, Alzheimer's disease, etc.

Abstract: It is intended to disclose a glutamate sensor in taste sensation and digestion and provide techniques using the same. A glutamate-receptor protein having the following characteristics is reacted with a substance binding thereto in the presence of a test substance and thus the inhibition or acceleration of the reaction is detected to thereby search for a glutamate agonist or antagonist or an allosteric modulator: (1) having a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain common to a type 1 metabolic glutamate receptor protein; and (2) having an extracellular domain shorter by about 409 or 481 amino acid residues than the type 1 metabolic glutamate receptor protein.