Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes: a spectral sensor including, spectral means for dispersing reflected light from a living body or transmitted light that has passed through a living body according to a wavelength, and light receiving means including a plurality of pixels; detection means for detecting sample values indicating light reception results of the plurality of pixels at sampling timings; generation means for generating a biological signal relating to first biological information from sample values of a first pixel of the light receiving means at respective sampling timings; and determining means for determining a cycle of the biological signal. The detection means selects a sampling timing based on a cycle of the biological signal, and detects second biological information based on a sample value of at least one second pixel of the light receiving means at the selected sampling timing.

Abstract: The spectral colorimetry apparatus includes an LED, a diffraction grating; a line sensor that has multiple pixels and that receives light dispersed by the diffraction grating at the multiple pixels for respective wavelengths of the dispersed light and outputs voltages according to the intensity of the received light; and a sensor CPU that calculates spectral reflectivity of an object based on the intensity of light reflected from the object. The sensor CPU varies, with the multiple pixels, the number of detection times of detecting the light reflected from the object at each pixel.

Abstract: A dielectric film may be exposed to an acid solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid during a wet process after film formation. The inventors have newly found that when a dielectric film includes Zr having a lower ionization tendency than Ti in a main component of a metal oxide expressed by a general formula (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O3 is provided and satisfies at least one between relationships such that degree of orientation of (100) plane is higher than degree of orientation of (110) plane, and degree of orientation of (111) plane is higher than degree of orientation of (110) plane in a film thickness direction, the dielectric film is less likely to be damaged during a wet process, and the resistance to a wet process is improved.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes: a spectral sensor including a plurality of pixels; a unit configured to generate a biological signal from a light reception result of a predetermined pixel; a unit configured to detect a feature amount of the biological signal; a unit configured to set a measurement condition to the spectral sensor; a unit configured to determine whether or not the measurement condition needs to be changed based on the biological signal; and a unit configured to determine, if the measurement condition needs to be changed, in a first cycle of the biological signal, whether or not the measurement condition can be changed in a period from a timing at which the detection unit has detected the feature amount in the first cycle until an ending time of the first cycle.

Abstract: A dielectric membrane may be exposed to an acid solution such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or sulfuric acid during a wet process after membrane formation. The inventors have newly found that when a dielectric membrane includes Ca having a lower ionization tendency than Ba and Zr having a lower ionization tendency than Ti in a main component of a metal oxide expressed by a general formula (Ba, Ca)(Ti, Zr)O3 and satisfies at least one of degree of orientation of (100) plane>degree of orientation of (110) plane and degree of orientation of (111) plane>degree of orientation of (110) plane in a membrane thickness direction, the dielectric membrane is less likely to be damaged during a wet process, and the resistance to a wet process is improved.

Abstract: The spectral colorimetry apparatus includes an LED, a diffraction grating; a line sensor that has multiple pixels and that receives light dispersed by the diffraction grating at the multiple pixels for respective wavelengths of the dispersed light and outputs voltages according to the intensity of the received light; and a sensor CPU that calculates spectral reflectivity of an object based on the intensity of light reflected from the object. The sensor CPU varies, with the multiple pixels, the number of detection times of detecting the light reflected from the object at each pixel.

Abstract: A color measurement device includes a light source for illuminating an object with light; a dispersing portion for spectrally dispersing light emitted and reflected by the object; a light receptor for receiving the light dispersed by the dispersing portion; and a controller for effecting color measurement based on a result of light reception of the light receptor from the object which is an image formed on a recording material; wherein the emitted light has a first intensity of light in a first wavelength range and a second intensity lower than the first intensity in a second wavelength range, and wherein the controller deduces a value relating to color measurement for the second wavelength range on the basis of a result of light reception of the light receptor for the first wavelength range.

Abstract: A color measurement device includes a light source for illuminating an object with light; a dispersing portion for spectrally dispersing light emitted and reflected by the object; a light receptor for receiving the light dispersed by the dispersing portion; and a controller for effecting color measurement based on a result of light reception of the light receptor from the object which is an image formed on a recording material; wherein the emitted light has a first intensity of light in a first wavelength range and a second intensity lower than the first intensity in a second wavelength range, and wherein the controller deduces a value relating to color measurement for the second wavelength range on the basis of a result of light reception of the light receptor for the first wavelength range.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that reduces the downtime due to image density control is provided. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus obtains, using a sensor, background data at a plurality of measurement positions from a rotation member, and density data at a plurality of measurement positions from a patch image formed on the rotation member. Further, the image forming apparatus normalizes density data based on first background data and calculates first correction density data, and also normalizes density data based on second background data for which the measurement positions have been shifted from those of the first background data, calculates second correction density data, and acquires corrected density data in accordance with the first correction density data or the second correction density data that has a smaller variation.

Abstract: An apparatus has an external memory control apparatus for controlling rewriting of a memory. The external memory control apparatus allows the memory to store the number of formed monochromatic images and changes a rewriting frequency of the memory according to the number of formed monochromatic images.

Abstract: A printing system includes following components. Each printing apparatus prints print document information and outputs a document. A terminal transmits print document information stored therein and location information. A print server receives, from the terminal, the print document information and the location information, generates authentication information in association with the print document information, identifies one printing apparatus in accordance with the received location information and location information of the printing apparatuses, and transmits the generated authentication information to the identified printing apparatus. The identified printing apparatus displays authentication reference information in accordance with the received authentication information. The terminal receives input of information based on the authentication reference information and transmits the input information to the print server.

Abstract: A printing system includes following components. Each printing apparatus prints print document information and outputs a document. A terminal transmits print document information stored therein and location information. A print server receives, from the terminal, the print document information and the location information, generates authentication information in association with the print document information, identifies one printing apparatus in accordance with the received location information and location information of the printing apparatuses, and transmits the generated authentication information to the identified printing apparatus. The identified printing apparatus displays authentication reference information in accordance with the received authentication information. The terminal receives input of information based on the authentication reference information and transmits the input information to the print server.

Abstract: An apparatus has an external memory control apparatus for controlling rewriting of a memory. The external memory control apparatus allows the memory to store the number of formed monochromatic images and changes a rewriting frequency of the memory according to the number of formed monochromatic images.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus which shortens the time taken for circumference detection and measures the circumference at high precision without obstructing downsizing of the apparatus. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus detects, at an arbitrary timing, the physical pattern of the image-formed surface of a rotation member that changes over time. In the second round, the image forming apparatus detects the second pattern at a timing a predetermined time after the arbitrary timing. By using the detected patterns, the image forming apparatus obtains information associated with the circumference of the rotation member.

Abstract: An apparatus has an external memory control apparatus for controlling rewriting of a memory. The external memory control apparatus allows the memory to store the number of formed monochromatic images and changes a rewriting frequency of the memory according to the number of formed monochromatic images.

Abstract: In full-color printing, one of first and second rotary members is activated with a time lag after the other of the first and second rotary members is activated such that the phase difference between the first and second rotary members is an adjusted phase difference. In addition, every time monochrome printing is performed, the time lag is changed.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that reduces the downtime due to image density control is provided. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus obtains, using a sensor, background data at a plurality of measurement positions from a rotation member, and density data at a plurality of measurement positions from a patch image formed on the rotation member. Further, the image forming apparatus normalizes density data based on first background data and calculates first correction density data, and also normalizes density data based on second background data for which the measurement positions have been shifted from those of the first background data, calculates second correction density data, and acquires corrected density data in accordance with the first correction density data or the second correction density data that has a smaller variation.

Abstract: In full-color printing, one of first and second rotary members is activated with a time lag after the other of the first and second rotary members is activated such that the phase difference between the first and second rotary members is an adjusted phase difference. In addition, every time monochrome printing is performed, the time lag is changed.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus which shortens the time taken for circumference detection and measures the circumference at high precision without obstructing downsizing of the apparatus. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus detects, at an arbitrary timing, the physical pattern of the image-formed surface of a rotation member that changes over time. In the second round, the image forming apparatus detects the second pattern at a timing a predetermined time after the arbitrary timing. By using the detected patterns, the image forming apparatus obtains information associated with the circumference of the rotation member.

Abstract: An apparatus has an external memory control apparatus for controlling rewriting of a memory. The external memory control apparatus allows the memory to store the number of formed monochromatic images and changes a rewriting frequency of the memory according to the number of formed monochromatic images.