Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of separating and recovering metals whereby a mixture containing at least a first metal and a second metal, the second metal having a higher standard electrode potential than that of the first metal, is connected to an anode in a molten salt, and the first metal and the second metal are precipitated on a cathode in the molten salt by electrolysis, the method of separating and recovering metals comprising: a detection step of detecting a concentration change in each of a first metal ion and a second metal ion in the molten salt by a concentration change detection unit; a first electrolysis step of electrolyzing the first metal; a first recovery step of recovering a precipitated substance according to a detection in which a concentration decrease of the first metal ion, which is predefined in the concentration change detection unit, is detected in the detection step; a second electrolysis step of electrolyzing the second metal; and a second recovery step of recovering a pre

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing metal zirconium, the method having a fewer steps and a smaller amount of secondary wastes generated, wherein the metal zirconium is obtained from a zirconium compound containing hafnium. A method of producing metal zirconium according to the present invention includes: a separation step of separating a hafnium oxychloride from a first substance containing a zirconium oxychloride and a hafnium oxychloride to obtain a second substance having a higher content of the zirconium oxychloride; a calcination step of calcining the second substance to obtain a third substance containing at least any of a zirconium oxychloride and a zirconium oxide; and a direct reduction step of holding the third substance in a molten salt with the third substance brought into contact with a cathode and applying a voltage between the cathode and an anode to directly reduce the third substance to obtain metal zirconium.

Abstract: The encoder includes a scale provided with a periodic pattern, a sensor relatively movable with respect to the scale and reading the periodic pattern to output analog signals each having a changing period corresponding to the periodic pattern and having mutually different phases, an A/D converter performing time-division analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signals output from the sensor to produce digital signals, and a phase detector detecting a phase from the digital signals. The encoder further includes a corrector calculating a correction value by using a relative movement speed of the scale and the sensor and the detected phase detected by the phase detector, and calculating a corrected phase from the correction value and the detected phase, and a position detector calculating a position in a direction in which the scale and the sensor are relativity moved by using the corrected phase.

Abstract: The optical encoder includes a scale provided with a periodic pattern in which an optical portion is periodically formed with a first period in a first direction, and a light receiver movable relatively with the scale in the first direction and photoelectrically converts a detection light from a light source and then passing through the optical portions. The optical portion periodically has a pattern, which is formed by pattern portions mutually adjacent in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and mutually shifted in the first direction, in the second direction with a second period of t. A width w of the light source in the second direction satisfies w=(a+b)/b·nt where n represents a natural number, and a:b represents a ratio of a distance from the light source to the periodic pattern and a distance from the periodic pattern to the light receiver.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer bearer disposed facing a latent image bearer in a development range, and an alternating voltage application unit to apply alternating voltage to the developer bearer to generate an alternating electrical field in the development range to cause toner to move from the developer bearer to the latent image bearer while reciprocating therebetween. The alternating voltage has a frequency within a range from 20 kHz to 60 kHz and a peak-to-peak voltage equal to or greater than 300 V.

Abstract: [Object] To prevent or reduce the degradation in transmission characteristics caused by fast fading (fluorescent lamp interference) to achieve optimized throughput. [Solution] A process for detecting fast fading (fluorescent lamp interference) is performed (ST2). Fast fading is detected by, for example, detecting a variable light source whose frequency is twice the frequency of an alternating current power supply. When fast fading is detected, a frame length update process is performed (ST3, ST4). In the case of “subject transmission” in which the subject apparatus is the transmitter of a data frame, the setting of the maximum number of aggregations in frame aggregation (A-MPDU, A-MSDU) is changed to “the recommended maximum number of aggregations”. “The recommended maximum number of aggregations” is set in advance so that the UDP throughput can be maximized under the conditions where fast fading has occurred.

Abstract: A corium processing method includes a dissolution step of feeding the corium into a first molten salt and dissolving uranium oxide and plutonium oxide contained in an oxide solid from the corium; a nuclear fuel recovery step of recovering the uranium oxide and the plutonium oxide from the first molten salt; a metal recovery step of feeding the corium into a second molten salt and separating and recovering metal Fe and metal Zr by molten salt electrolysis; and a solidification step of solidifying and recovering residues of the corium.

Abstract: The encoder includes a scale having a first periodic pattern and a second periodic pattern, a sensor relatively movable with the scale. The sensor outputs in a first detection state a first periodic signal changing with a change period corresponding to the first periodic pattern and outputs in a second detection state a second periodic signal changing with a longer change period corresponding to the second periodic pattern than that of the first periodic signal. A processor calculates a position in a relative movement direction of the scale and sensor by using both the first and second periodic signals. The processor takes in the second periodic signal, the first periodic signal and the second periodic signal in this order at mutually different times, calculates phases of the second, first and second periodic signals at a specific time and calculates the position at the specific time by using the calculated phases.

Abstract: The encoder includes a scale provided with multiple periodic patterns having mutually different periods, a sensor outputting, with a relative movement between the scale and the sensor, multiple periodic signals periodically changing respectively corresponding to the periods of the periodic patterns, and a signal processor calculating a detected movement amount as a detected relative movement amount between the scale and the sensor. The signal processor calculates, by using each of the periodic signals, an accumulated movement amount which is an accumulated value of the relative movement amount between the scale and the sensor in units of one over an integer of the period of the periodic pattern corresponding to the periodic signal used, unifies the units of the accumulated movement amounts calculated by using the respective periodic signals, and calculates the detected movement amount from the accumulated movement amounts with the unified units.

Abstract: The encoder includes a scale provided with first and second tracks, a sensor relatively movable with the scale and reading periodic patterns to output periodic signals, and a processor calculating a position in a relative movement direction of the scale and sensor by using the periodic signals. The first track includes first and second periodic patterns whose periods are mutually different, and the second track includes a third periodic pattern whose period is different from that of the second pattern and is an integral multiple or an integral fraction of that of the first periodic pattern. The processor calculates, by using a phase difference between the periodic signals corresponding to the first and third periodic patterns, the position in which a sensor reading error due to a relative displacement between the first and second tracks and the sensor is corrected.

Abstract: To detect a position on a screen with which even a thin nib is in contact, and improve operativity, visibility at the time of operation, and a feeling of use. A touch screen film 5 includes at least a transparent, conductive, thin film 7 which has a predetermined surface resistivity set to be within a range from 105.0 to 108.0 ?/sq; when a pointing means 30 comes into contact with the film, a change in capacitance per unit area of 0.36 to 6.00 pF/mm2 occurs in a dielectric material 4 between a predetermined area including the contact position and the sensor electrode.

Abstract: An encoder (10) includes a sensor (1) configured to illuminate light on a single scale (100) to detect two phase signals having periods different from each other, an error signal generator (2) configured to arrange accumulated amounts of phase changes of the two phase signals when the scale (100) and the sensor (1) are relatively displaced from each other by a predetermined displacement so as to obtain two accumulated phase signals and to obtain a difference between the two accumulated phase signals so as to generate an error signal that is obtained by removing an accumulated phase component corresponding to the predetermined displacement, and an interpolation error detector (3) configured to average the error signal by using at least one of periods of the two phase signals so as to detect an interpolation error contained in at least one of the two phase signals.

Abstract: The encoder includes a scale including first and second periodic patterns, and a detector relatively movable with respect to the scale and whose detection state is switchable between a first detection state to read the first periodic pattern and output a first signal and a second detection state to read the second periodic pattern and output a second signal. A processor performs a first process to detect a first absolute position by using the first and second signals and then performs a second process to calculate a relative movement amount by using a specific signal that is one of the first and second signals and detect a second absolute position by using the relative movement amount and the first absolute position. The specific signal is obtained from the detector set in a same detection state as that set last in the first process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a receiving apparatus including: an extracting part configured to extract signature data representing a feature of reproduced content from the content; a profile generating part configured to generate user profile data; a query generating part configured to generate a query containing the signature data and the user profile data, transmit the query thus generated to a transmitting apparatus, and receive a response that is sent back from the transmitting apparatus in accordance with the query and that has been caused to match with the user profile data in the transmitting apparatus; and an application executing part configured to acquire and execute an application in conjunction with reproduction of the content based on the response thus received.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of separating and recovering metals whereby a mixture containing at least a first metal and a second metal, the second metal having a higher standard electrode potential than that of the first metal, is connected to an anode in a molten salt, and the first metal and the second metal are precipitated on a cathode in the molten salt by electrolysis, the method of separating and recovering metals comprising: a detection step of detecting a concentration change in each of a first metal ion and a second metal ion in the molten salt by a concentration change detection unit; a first electrolysis step of electrolyzing the first metal; a first recovery step of recovering a precipitated substance according to a detection in which a concentration decrease of the first metal ion, which is predefined in the concentration change detection unit, is detected in the detection step; a second electrolysis step of electrolyzing the second metal; and a second recovery step of recovering a pre

Abstract: A position detection apparatus (100) includes a scale (10) including a pattern circumferentially and periodically formed on a circle whose center is a predetermined point, a sensor unit (20) relatively movable with respect to the scale (10), and a signal processor (40) which processes an output signal of the sensor unit (20) to obtain position information of an object, and the sensor unit (20) includes a first detector (21) and a second detector (22), and the signal processor (40) reduces an error component contained in the position information due to a difference between a rotation center of the scale (10) and the predetermined point based on a first detection signal outputted from the first detector (21) and on a second detection signal outputted from the second detector (22).

Abstract: A developing device includes a developer bearer disposed facing a latent image bearer in a development range, and an alternating voltage application unit to apply alternating voltage to the developer bearer to generate an alternating electrical field in the development range to cause toner to move from the developer bearer to the latent image bearer while reciprocating therebetween. The alternating voltage has a frequency within a range from 20 kHz to 60 kHz and a peak-to-peak voltage equal to or greater than 300 V.

Abstract: An ACR service is realized by an information provision server which has not prepared feature point information of a sub sound because only the feature point information is extracted from a main sound and an inquiry is made to the information provision server even when the sub sound is listened to in a client device. In addition, even when content that has a main sound and a plurality of pieces of audio information is distributed, it is not necessary for the information provision server to prepare feature point information of sub sounds, and the capacity of the database may not increase.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: a content management block managing first content which may be viewed on a content reproduction apparatus for reproducing content; a database block generating reference data by relating, with first signature data indicative of a feature of the first content extracted therefrom, rights management information about the first signature data and a content identifier indicative of the first content from which the first signature data was extracted and put the generated reference data into a database; and an identification block identifying, in response to a query which is transmitted from the content reproduction apparatus and is including second signature data indicative of a feature of second content extracted from the second content being viewed by a user of the content reproduction apparatus, the content by referencing the reference data stored in the database block, thereby returning a response indicative of a result of the identification.