Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for continuous measurement of acid gas concentration or amine loading in a basic solution using Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for continuous measurement of acid gas concentration or amine loading in a basic solution using Raman spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for treating a gas stream containing an acid gas, including immersing a permeable membrane having a plurality of pores in an absorption liquid containing a reactant chemical, and passing the gas stream through the pores in the permeable membrane so that the gas stream forms gas bubbles which float up through the absorption liquid and so that the acid gas in the gas stream reacts with the reactant chemical in the absorption liquid, thereby separating the acid gas from the gas stream. A gas absorption apparatus, including a housing adapted to hold an absorption liquid containing a reactant chemical, and a permeable membrane having a plurality of pores contained within the housing and adapted to be immersed in the absorption liquid.

Abstract: A method of chemically treating an acid gas, includes the steps of immersing a micro-porous membrane having a plurality of micro-pores in a liquid containing a reactant chemical and passing a gas stream containing an acid gas under pressure through the micro-porous membrane. The acid gas passes through the micro-pores to form micro-bubbles which float up through the liquid and react with the reactant chemical. A number of configurations of gas absorption columns are described as being suitable for use in accordance with the teachings of this method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining stone cells within a sample of wood pulp or paper. According to the instant invention a portion of the sample is irradiated with light at a predetermined wavelength or within a predetermined range of wavelengths. The incident light causes those areas of the sample that are occupied by stone cells to fluoresce strongly relative to the background matrix of wood pulp or paper. The strongly fluorescing stone cells are registered digitally using a detector, or are observed visually by an operator viewing the sample through an ocular device. The absolute number of stone cells per unit area or a stone cell size-distribution-plot is obtained using one of automated or manual image analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of ratios, products and non-linear functions of adsorption, emission or scattering of light as variables in standard regression and chemometric techniques to predict a characteristic or property of a solid or liquid. The use of one or more non-linear functions within a relationship between measured spectral properties and characteristic properties of solutions and solids provides an improved means to determine a property when the intensities represent or relate to components that are colinear or interelated due to restraints associated with composition, chemical processes, or molecular structure. The invention relates to the use of ratios of Raman peak intensities to predict the properties of a solution or a solid such as pulp that is processed with the solution. The intensity of the Raman shifted light is used to create Raman peak intensity ratios. These Raman intensities are related to the concentration of species dissolved in the liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining stone cells within a sample of wood pulp or paper. According to the instant invention a portion of the sample is irradiated with light at a predetermined wavelength or within a predetermined range of wavelengths. The incident light causes those areas of the sample that are occupied by stone cells to fluoresce strongly relative to the background matrix of wood pulp or paper. The strongly fluorescing stone cells are registered digitally using a detector, or are observed visually by an operator viewing the sample through an ocular device. The absolute number of stone cells per unit area or a stone cell size-distribution-plot is obtained using one of automated or manual image analysis.