Abstract: An apparatus for use in breast reduction surgery including a shield body defining a substantially circular opening therein which is sized, dimensioned and configured to correspond the areola of a patient's breast, the shield body including a plurality of apertures for being removably fastened to the breast and a handle for lifting the shield body during surgery after having been attached to the breast, and a marker for penetrating into the breast tissue to form marking tracks which act as a cutting guide. The shield body includes a plurality of elongated tubular structures secured to an outer edge of the shield body at a predetermined angle relative to the shield body. Each elongated tubular structure having an elongated body with an opening at a first top end and at a second bottom end, the elongated body being hollow between the ends, and being structured and disposed to permit at least partial passage of the marker therethrough.

Abstract: An abdominal retractor comprising a deformable annular-shaped member with an opening therethrough, which is structured and dimensioned for retracting a linear incision in the abdomen and forming the surrounding tissue into a generally circular configuration, thereby providing an access opening into the abdominal cavity large enough for a hand. The annular member is also adapted to contact the retracted abdominal tissues so as to provide a sealing engagement therebetween. A collapsible sleeve is joined to the annular member and is disposed for extension exterior to the abdomen. The sleeve is structured to enable an arm member to be sealingly yet movably enclosed therein such that a hand at the end of the arm member can be introduced through the access opening into the abdominal cavity. The retractor further includes means through which the abdominal cavity can be inflated with gas such as carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2).