Abstract: The present invention relates to a Raise Caving mining method for mining ore from an ore body comprising developing at least two slots (3a, 3b) in a rock mass and leaving a pillar (9a) of rock mass to separate adjacent slots (3a, 3b) in order to create a favourable stress environment in the rock mass to provide protection for mining infrastructure, developing at least one production raise (6a) within the rock mass providing the favourable stress environment, mining by progressing upwards at least one production stope (13a) from the at least one production raise (6a), and drawing ore from the production stope (13a). The present invention also relates to a Raise Caving mining infrastructure, a machinery, a monitoring system, an automatic or semi-automatic control system of a Raise Caving mining infrastructure, and a data medium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated raise caving mining method for mining deposits in rock mass comprising: developing at least one raise (102,102a-f,202,302a-g,402a-e) in the rock mass (10), developing a drawbell (100,100a-c, 200a-g,300a-f,400a-e) in the rock mass (10), wherein at least a portion of the drawbell is excavated from the at least one raise (102,102a-f,202,302a-g,402a-e), initiating caving through undercutting, wherein at least a part of an undercut is created by gradually expanding the drawbell (100,100a-c, 200a-g,300a-f,400a-e) in upwards direction by excavation, developing at least two drawpoints (106,206,406) into the drawbell (100,100a-c, 200a-g,300a-f,400a-e), wherein the drawpoints (106) are developed from drifts (115,207,407) arranged on different levels and progressively drawing fragmented rock (101) from the at least one drawbell through the drawpoints (106,206,406).

Abstract: A Lidar system includes a light emitter and an array of photodetectors. The Lidar system includes a computer having a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor to actuate the light emitter to output a series of shots. The instructions include instructions to provide a first bias voltage to the photodetectors for a first period of time after the light emitter emits a first subset of the series of shots. The instructions includes instructions to provide a second bias voltage to at least one of the photodetectors for a second period of time after the light emitter emits a second subset of the series of shots, the second bias voltage greater that the first bias voltage, the second subset of shots emitted after the first subset of the series of shots.

Abstract: A lidar system includes a light emitter and an array of pixels. Each pixel includes at least one photodetector. A controller is configured to actuate the light emitter to output shots of light and provide a bias voltage to the pixels. The controller updates time-resolved histograms for the shots based on detected light. The controller identifies that the counts in one of the bins of the histogram for one pixel exceed a predetermined level and, for subsequent shots, reduce the sensitivity of that pixel during the time range associated with the one bin of the histogram for that pixel to be lower than the sensitivity of that pixel at other time ranges. This provides a different detection sensitivity on a pixel-by-pixel basis for increased resolution for near objects and increased probability of detection of far objects.

Abstract: A method calculates an excavation volume that was excavated by a construction machine using a tool. A motion trajectory of the tool over time is determined using one or more of the following sensors: inertial measurement unit, angle sensors, and linear sensors. At least part of the motion trajectory is classified based on machine load data as an excavation trajectory during which excavation occurs. The excavation volume is calculated using the excavation trajectory and dimensions of the tool.

Abstract: A method is for putting down a tool of a construction machine. A position and an orientation of the tool relative to the construction machine or to a direction of Earth's gravity is determined by one or more of the following sensors including: an inertial measuring unit, an angle sensor, a linear sensor, and/or by an algorithm for determining a kinematic chain of the construction machine. Moreover, an orientation of at least one part of the construction machine, which part touches the ground, and which orientation characterizes an orientation of the construction machine relative to the ground, is determined relative to Earth's gravity. Based on this determination, movement of the tool is controlled, in order to bring a lower face of the tool to the same level and in the same orientation as the at least one part touching the ground, for putting down the tool.

Abstract: A Lidar system includes a light emitter and a photodetector. The Lidar system includes a computer having a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor to actuate the light emitter to output a series of shots. The instructions include instructions to provide a first bias voltage to the photodetector for a first period of time after the light emitter emits a first shot of a first subset of the series of shots. The instructions includes instructions to provide a second bias voltage to the photodetector for a second period of time after the light emitter emits a first shot of a second subset of the series of shots, the second bias voltage different than the first bias voltage, the second subset of shots emitted after the first subset of the series of shots.

Abstract: A Lidar system includes a light emitter and an array of photodetectors. The Lidar system includes a computer having a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor to actuate the light emitter to output a series of shots. The instructions include instructions to provide a first bias voltage to the photodetectors for a first period of time after the light emitter emits a first subset of the series of shots. The instructions includes instructions to provide a second bias voltage to at least one of the photodetectors for a second period of time after the light emitter emits a second subset of the series of shots, the second bias voltage greater that the first bias voltage, the second subset of shots emitted after the first subset of the series of shots.

Abstract: Receiver arrangement for a sensor device for recognizing the environment, comprising an optical element which fixes an illuminated region, an apparatus for detecting light, which is arranged in the illuminated region and captures the light of a light source for recognizing the environment, at least one photodiode for recognizing sensor blockages, which is arranged outside of the illuminated region, and a sensor blockage is recognized in that the photodiode captures light which has been scattered outside of the illuminated region by the sensor blockage, wherein an evaluation circuit is situated downstream of the photodiode, which evaluation circuit comprises a transimpedance amplifier.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (“Lidar”) sensor unit having a light signal source, a two dimensional array of a plurality of light sensitive detectors converting impinging light into an electronic signal, a readout integrated circuit, and a processing unit. The readout integrated circuit including a plurality of memory units, each memory unit having an input connected to an output of one of said light sensitive detectors for receiving the electronic signal of the light sensitive detector. Each memory unit also including at least one array with I columns and J rows of analog memory cells, one column select line per column and one row select line per row. Each analog memory cell including an AND-gate with a first input being connected to the corresponding column select line and a second input being connected to the corresponding row select line to select the analog memory cell for write and read.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission for a traction drive includes a first hydraulic machine that is coupled to a drive machine and that has an adjustable displacement volume and a second hydraulic machine that is fluidically connected to the first hydraulic machine and that is coupled to a drive output of the traction drive. At the first hydraulic machine, a control pressure acts in the direction of an enlargement of its displacement volume and a working pressure of the second hydraulic machine acts in the opposite direction. The hydrostatic transmission further includes a control device that varies the control pressure to influence a torque of the second hydraulic machine. The control device stores a characteristic map by which a setpoint control pressure is determined as a function of a setpoint torque and a displacement volume of the second hydraulic machine so as to regulate the torque of the second hydraulic machine.

Abstract: A method is used to control a hydrostatic drive including a drive machine, a hydraulic pump coupled to the drive machine, and a hydraulic motor coupled to the hydraulic pump via a hydraulic working circuit. In the method, at least one of multiple manipulated variables of the hydrostatic drive is ascertained and set, in the course of a precontrol, from a specified setpoint value for at least one of the controlled variables, including a pressure in the hydraulic working circuit, a speed of the hydraulic pump, and an output variable of the hydrostatic drive. In the method, the remaining controlled variables and/or manipulated variables are automatically updated.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission for a traction drive includes a first hydraulic machine that is coupled to a drive machine and that has an adjustable displacement volume and a second hydraulic machine that is fluidically connected to the first hydraulic machine and that is coupled to a drive output of the traction drive. At the first hydraulic machine, a control pressure acts in the direction of an enlargement of its displacement volume and a working pressure of the second hydraulic machine acts in the opposite direction. The hydrostatic transmission further includes a control device that varies the control pressure to influence a torque of the second hydraulic machine. The control device stores a characteristic map by which a setpoint control pressure is determined as a function of a setpoint torque and a displacement volume of the second hydraulic machine so as to regulate the torque of the second hydraulic machine.

Abstract: A method is used to control a hydrostatic drive including a drive machine, a hydraulic pump coupled to the drive machine, and a hydraulic motor coupled to the hydraulic pump via a hydraulic working circuit. In the method, at least one of multiple manipulated variables of the hydrostatic drive is ascertained and set, in the course of a precontrol, from a specified setpoint value for at least one of the controlled variables, including a pressure in the hydraulic working circuit, a speed of the hydraulic pump, and an output variable of the hydrostatic drive. In the method, the remaining controlled variables and/or manipulated variables are automatically updated.

Abstract: A method for predefining an operating point of a drive machine of a drive system, including the drive machine and at least two loads which are driven by the drive machine is disclosed. The method includes the following steps: (i) identification of in each case one instantaneous load power demand of the at least two loads, (ii) determination of at least one partial request point of the drive machine for each identified load power demand in order to meet the respective load power demand, (iii) determination of at least one overall request point of the drive machine on the basis of the specific partial request points, (iv) determination of a cost variable of the drive machine for the at least one overall request point, and (v) selection of the operating point taking into account the cost variable and predefining of the operating point.

Abstract: A delta-sigma modulator (1) for converting a delta-sigma modulator input signal into a sequence of delta-sigma modulator output values comprising an actual delta-sigma modulator output value and at least one preceding delta-sigma modulator output value preceding the actual delta-sigma modulator output value is presented. At least one feedback signal modifier for modifying a at least one first feedback signal in dependence of the actual delta-sigma modulator output value and the at least one preceding delta-sigma modulator output value is provided. By means of the at least one first feedback signal modifier the signal quality of a subsequent final stage (7) can be improved.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a sensor unit of an internal combustion engine, in which an output signal of the sensor unit is compared to a setpoint value which is specified independently from the output signal. The setpoint value relates to a periodic characteristic, and the variation over time of the value of the output signal of the sensor unit or a variable which is derived from the value variation over time is analyzed with regard to this periodic characteristic.

Abstract: An electrochemical element has a housing having an inside surface, a first electrode resting adjacent an inside surface of the housing and defining a cavity, the first electrode including at least two individual segments adjacent one another in a 2-dimensional manner via first contact surfaces and rest via further contact surfaces adjacent the inside surface, a second electrode of opposite polarity arranged inside the cavity, a separator arranged between the first and second electrodes, and at least one connector arranged between the first contact surfaces which connects the segments electrically conductively and which is annular or ring-shaped and includes at least one strip-shaped projection formed on an outside portion thereof.

Abstract: A delta-sigma modulator (1) for converting a delta-sigma modulator input signal into a sequence of delta-sigma modulator output values comprising an actual delta-sigma modulator output value and at least one preceding delta-sigma modulator output value preceding the actual delta-sigma modulator output value is presented. At least one feedback signal modifier for modifying a at least one first feedback signal in dependence of the actual delta-sigma modulator output value and the at least one preceding delta-sigma modulator output value is provided. By means of the at least one first feedback signal modifier the signal quality of a subsequent final stage (7) can be improved.

Abstract: An asynchronous delta-sigma modulator is proposed that comprises an input port, a filter, an envelope path, a phase path, an amplifier, and a feedback path that conveys the amplifier output signal to the filter. The envelope path extracts an envelope from the signal provided by the filter and issues an envelope signal. The phase path processes or processes a phase from the signal provided by the filter and issues a phase signal. The amplifier comprises input ports for the envelope signal and the phase signal. The amplifier issues an amplifier output signal based on said envelope signal and said phase signal. The feedback path conveys the amplifier output signal to the filter. The feedback signal contains both amplitude information and phase information. A corresponding method and computer-program products usable for production and operation of the delta-sigma modulator are also disclosed.