Abstract: Submicron titanium diboride powder and other hard, refractory metal boride powders, such as zirconium diboride and hafnium diboride powders, are prepared by vapor phase reaction of the corresponding metal halide, e.g., titanium halide, and boron source reactants in the presence of hydrogen in a reaction zone and in the substantial absence of oxygen, either combined or elemental. In a preferred embodiment, the metal halide, e.g., titanium tetrachloride, and boron source, e.g., boron trichloride, reactants are mixed with a hot stream of hydrogen produced by heating hydrogen in a plasma heater. The reaction zone is maintained at metal boride forming temperatures and submicron solid metal boride powder is removed promptly from the reactor and permitted to cool. The preponderant number of metal boride particles comprising the powder product have a particle size in the range of between 0.05 and 0.7 microns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell having a fluorinated carboxylic acid permionic membrane with anodic catalyst embedded in a hydrophobic film on the permionic membrane. The anodic catalyst may be particulate.Also disclosed is a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell having a transition metal boride cathode catalyst.Additionally, there is disclosed a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell having resilient, removable current collector means.

Abstract: Submicron titanium diboride powder and other hard, refractory metal boride powders, such as zirconium diboride and hafnium diboride powders, are prepared by vapor phase reaction of the corresponding metal halide, e.g., titanium halide, and boron source reactants in the presence of hydrogen in a reaction zone and in the substantial absence of oxygen, either combined or elemental. In a preferred embodiment, the metal halide, e.g., titanium tetrachloride, and boron source, e.g., boron trichloride, reactants are mixed with a hot stream of hydrogen produced by heating hydrogen in a plasma heater. The reaction zone is maintained at metal boride forming temperatures and submicron solid metal boride powder is removed promptly from the reactor and permitted to cool. The preponderant number of metal boride particles comprising the powder product have a particle size in the range of between 0.05 and 0.7 microns.

Abstract: Novel silica gels are disclosed, as well as their formation from aqueous sodium silicate solutions by neutralizing the hydroxyl ion by electrolysis at a rate whereby the concentration of hydroxide ion is maintained within the range wherein silica gel forms.

Abstract: An aqueous hypochlorous acid production process is disclosed wherein the precipitate formed upon carbonating electrolytic cathode cell liquor is contacted in a fluidized bed with a mixture of gaseous chlorine and water vapor and the exit gas from the fluidized bed is absorbed in water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bipolar electrolyzer having a plurality of bipolar units space from and parallel to each other with a pair of bipolar units defining a single electrolytic cell therebetween. Each of the bipolar units has an anode on one surface and a cathode on the opposite surface, so that the cathode of one bipolar unit faces the anode of the next adjacent bipolar unit. A steel plate is one exposed surface of the backplate and a silicon sheet in electrical contact with the steel plate is the opposite exposed surface of the backplate. The steel plate and the silicon sheet are bonded together with a suitable electroconductive bonding material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of electrolyzing an aqueous alkali metal chloride, which method comprises passing an electrolytic current from an anode of an electrolytic cell through an alkali metal chloride electrolyte to a cathode of the cell, evolving chlorine at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode. The method is characterized by the use of a cathode having a layer of an oxy-compound of a platinum group metal and an alkaline earth metal on an electroconductive cathode substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary cell for the generation of electrical power, having a non-consumable, silicon cathode collector.