Abstract: A hypochlorous acid preparation system is provided. The hypochlorous acid preparation system includes: a hypochlorous acid preparation apparatus comprising: a first inlet, wherein sulfuric acid collected from a clean room located in a semiconductor fabrication plant enters the hypochlorous acid preparation apparatus through the first inlet; a second inlet, wherein sodium hypochlorite solution enters the hypochlorous acid preparation apparatus through the second inlet; a third inlet, wherein deionized water enters the hypochlorous acid preparation apparatus through the third inlet; and an outlet, wherein hypochlorous acid is produced in situ by mixing the sulfuric acid, the sodium hypochlorite solution, and the deionized water and exits the hypochlorous acid preparation apparatus through the outlet.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, a grid, and a color filter. The grid is over the substrate. From a cross-sectional view, the grid includes a first grid and a second grid over the first grid, the first grid has lower portion that has a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposing the first sidewall, the second grid has a third sidewall and a fourth sidewall opposing the third sidewall, and a width between the third sidewall and the fourth sidewall is less than a width between the first sidewall and the second sidewall. The color filter extends through the grid structure.

Abstract: A method incudes forming a plurality of photodiodes in a substrate; forming an interconnect structure on a front-side of the substrate; forming a barrier layer on a back-side of the substrate; depositing a metal layer over the barrier layer; forming an adhesion enhancement layer over the metal layer; forming an oxide layer over the adhesion enhancement layer; etching the oxide layer, the adhesion enhancement layer, the metal layer, and the barrier layer to form an oxide grid, an adhesion enhancement grid, a metal grid, and a barrier grid, respectively, wherein the barrier grid and the adhesion enhancement grid have a same chemical element.

Abstract: An image sensor structure includes a semiconductor device, a plurality of image sensing elements formed in the semiconductor substrate, an interconnect structure formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a composite grid structure over the semiconductor substrate. The composite grid structure includes a tungsten grid, an oxide grid over the tungsten grid, and an adhesion enhancement grid spacing the tungsten grid from the oxide grid.

Abstract: An image sensor structure includes a semiconductor device, a plurality of image sensing elements formed in the semiconductor substrate, an interconnect structure formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a composite grid structure over the semiconductor substrate. The composite grid structure includes a tungsten grid, an oxide grid over the tungsten grid, and an adhesion enhancement grid spacing the tungsten grid from the oxide grid.

Abstract: An image sensor structure includes a semiconductor device, a plurality of image sensing elements formed in the semiconductor substrate, an interconnect structure formed on the semiconductor substrate, and a composite grid structure over the semiconductor substrate. The composite grid structure includes a tungsten grid, an oxide grid over the tungsten grid, and an adhesion enhancement grid spacing the tungsten grid from the oxide grid.

Abstract: Handling a magnetic tape cartridge comprises the steps of reading cartridge mount information from the cartridge memory; determining from the cartridge mount information whether the present mount is the first mount of the magnetic tape cartridge; and if so, fast forward and rewind the magnetic tape of the magnetic tape cartridge, e.g., the fast forward is to end of tape (EOT) and the rewind is to beginning of tape (BOT). Alternatively, if the cartridge mount information indicates the present mount is the first mount of the magnetic tape cartridge; monitoring input/output with respect to the magnetic tape cartridge for write errors during the mount; determining whether the number of monitored write errors meets a predetermined threshold; and if so, fast forward and rewind the magnetic tape of the magnetic tape cartridge.