Abstract: A photo-voltaic (PV) battery system that includes a battery system, a photo-voltaic (PV) electricity generation system, and a charge controller. The battery system is configured to store electrical charge at a voltage Vb when fully charged. The photo-voltaic electricity generation system is configured to convert energy from incident light into electricity to thereby generate electricity. The charge controller is coupled to the battery system and the photo-voltaic electricity generation system so that at least some of the generated electricity flows through the charge controller into the battery system. For any given light intensity L within a practical solar intensity range, the electricity generated in the photo-voltaic system has a maximum power extraction voltage point Vmx(L) and its corresponding current Imx(L). They are function of the incident light intensity L.

Abstract: A photovoltaic (PV) power station includes at least one AC power production unit. The AC power production unit includes an energy reservoir that is supplied with DC energy from a DC power generator, such as PV panels. The energy reservoir is used as a buffer to store energy, and improve the efficiency of the PV power station. Whether or not an energy reservoir is used, decoupler devices may be used to prevent power annihilation that can decrease the amount of power delivered by the power station to the grid. In system integration for a PV power station, it is found that the declared rating of DC/AC converter in power grid convention should not be taken as the power conversion capability.

Abstract: Design solutions to mitigate the following four fatal flaws in the conventional pump system design; namely, (1) surprise pump-failure in single pump designs that can result in costly water damage; (2) the threat of fatal high voltage electrocution due to flooding; (3) grid power outage and no energy supply to support the needed pumping power that results in water damage; (4) foil odor from the standing water in the well after a period of low seeping rate with or without activated pumping. The principles described herein can completely mitigate the above four fatal design issues.

Abstract: Design solutions to mitigate the following four fatal flaws in the conventional pump system design; namely, (1) surprise pump-failure in single pump designs that can result in costly water damage; (2) the threat of fatal high voltage electrocution due to flooding; (3) grid power outage and no energy supply to support the needed pumping power that results in water damage; (4) foil odor from the standing water in the well after a period of low seeping rate with or without activated pumping. The principles described herein can completely mitigate the above four fatal design issues.

Abstract: When one operates an energy system at its maximum energy utilization point (MEUP) consistently, one can receive the most amount of energy benefit from the system. The practical MEUP tracking technologies operate a generator at a voltage for maximum power extraction and to produce near-maximum power; incorporate the invented surplus energy extraction devices to near-perfectly extract all power generated; temporarily store the surplus energy into designed energy reservoirs; add the invented supply devices to combined the energy from the extractor and from the reservoirs; prepare and deliver the right amount of power to exactly satisfy the instantaneous demand. Thus effectuates finding and tracking the MEUP of the energy system.

Abstract: A photovoltaic (PV) power station includes at least one AC power production unit. The AC power production unit includes an energy reservoir that is supplied with DC energy from a DC power generator, such as PV panels. The energy reservoir is used as a buffer to store energy, and improve the efficiency of the PV power station. Whether or not an energy reservoir is used, decoupler devices may be used to prevent power annihilation that can decrease the amount of power delivered by the power station to the grid. In system integration for a PV power station, it is found that the declared rating of DC/AC converter in power grid convention should not be taken as the power conversion capability.

Abstract: Design solutions to mitigate the following four fatal flaws in the conventional pump system design; namely, (1) surprised pump-failure in single pump design that can result in costly water damage; (2) the threat of fatal high voltage electrocution accident in flooding situation; (3) grid power outage and no energy supply to support the needed pumping power that result in water damage; (4) stinky smell from the sitting foil water in the well after a period of low seeping rate with or without activated pumping. The principles described in the content disclosure, the proposed designs can completely mitigate the above four fatal design issues.

Abstract: When one operates an energy system at its maximum energy utilization point (MEUP) consistently, one can receive the most amount of energy benefit from the system. The practical MEUP tracking technologies operate a generator at a voltage for maximum power extraction and to produce near-maximum power; incorporate the invented surplus energy extraction devices to near-perfectly extract all power generated; temporarily store the surplus energy into designed energy reservoirs; add the invented supply devices to combined the energy from the extractor and from the reservoirs; prepare and deliver the right amount of power to exactly satisfy the instantaneous demand. Thus effectuates finding and tracking the MEUP of the energy system.

Abstract: When one operates an energy system at its maximum energy utilization point (MEUP) all the time, one can receive the most amount of energy benefit from the system. The practical MEUP tracking technologies operate generator at a voltage for maximum power extraction and also to produce near-maximum power; incorporate the invented energy extraction devices to near-perfectly extract all power generated; temporary store the surplus energy into designed energy reservoirs; add the invented devices to combined the energy from the extractor and from the reservoirs; prepare and deliver the right amount of power to exactly satisfy the instantaneous demand at all time. Thus effectuates finding and tracking the MEUP of the energy system.

Abstract: An LED lamp having an operating voltage range within which if the supply voltage is provided within the operating voltage range, the LED lamp produces light in a designed light range, and which has reduced sensitization to ripples. The LED lamp includes a network of passive elements that are structured such that the I-V characteristic curve has a plateau region within the operating voltage range. For instance, a maximum slope of an I-V characteristic curve of the network is shallower within the operating voltage range than the maximum slope of an I-V characteristic curve of the network below the operating voltage range.

Abstract: This patent discloses designs of a controller for a solar powered LED lamp system. The control unit includes a controller that has a switching network and that selectively charges a battery from a solar panel, and selectively discharges the battery to power a lamp. The lamp itself includes a second part of the control unit that prevents over-charge and under-charge conditions of the battery. This may be accomplished using a low power passive network of LEDs and resistors, leaving the controller itself to only perform switching. Thus, the power consumed by the controller, and by the LED lamp system as a whole, may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: An LED lamp having an operating voltage range within which if the supply voltage is provided within the operating voltage range, the LED lamp produces light in a designed light range, and which has reduced sensitization to ripples. The LED lamp includes a network of passive elements that are structured such that the I-V characteristic curve has a plateau region within the operating voltage range. For instance, a maximum slope of an I-V characteristic curve of the network is shallower within the operating voltage range than the maximum slope of an I-V characteristic curve of the network below the operating voltage range.

Abstract: This patent discloses designs of a controller for a solar powered LED lamp system. The control unit includes a controller that has a switching network and that selectively charges a battery from a solar panel, and selectively discharges the battery to power a lamp. The lamp itself includes a second part of the control unit that prevents over-charge and under-charge conditions of the battery. This may be accomplished using a low power passive network of LEDs and resistors, leaving the controller itself to only perform switching. Thus, the power consumed by the controller, and by the LED lamp system as a whole, may be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A device is designed for channeling electricity to a lamp, and adjusts downwards the amount of power channeled to the lamp as a function of available electrical energy in the source. In so doing, a reduction in the available energy in the source causes a less proportionate reduction in luminosity of the lamp. This might be accomplished by passing the electricity through a passive network of resistors and diodes on its way down to the lamp. In one example, the electrical energy source may be a battery that is powered by one or more solar panels. In that case, the device may also perform the function of protecting the battery from being overly charged. It channels downwards a greater daily lamp's energy consumption than that of daily electrical charging from the solar panels, when the available battery energy is near its full capacity.

Abstract: In an aspect, in general, a lighting fixture includes a plurality of light sources, each light source including an array of light emitting diodes and a reflective surface. The reflective surface of each of the light sources is configured to reflect at least a portion of near field light produced by the other light sources into the far field.

Abstract: A device is designed for channeling electricity to a lamp, and adjusts downwards the amount of power channeled to the lamp as a function of available electrical energy in the source. In so doing, a reduction in the available energy in the source causes a less proportionate reduction in luminosity of the lamp. This might be accomplished by passing the electricity through a passive network of resistors and diodes on its way down to the lamp. In one example, the electrical energy source may be a battery that is powered by one or more solar panels. In that case, the device may also perform the function of protecting the battery from being overly charged. It channels downwards a greater daily lamp's energy consumption than that of daily electrical charging from the solar panels, when the available battery energy is near its full capacity.