Abstract: The present disclosure describes an apparatus with a local interconnect structure. The apparatus can include a first transistor, a second transistor, a first interconnect structure, a second interconnect structure, and a third interconnect structure. The local interconnect structure can be coupled to gate terminals of the first and second transistors and routed at a same interconnect level as reference metal lines coupled to ground and a power supply voltage. The first interconnect structure can be coupled to a source/drain terminal of the first transistor and routed above the local interconnect structure. The second interconnect structure can be coupled to a source/drain terminal of the second transistor and routed above the local interconnect structure. The third interconnect structure can be routed above the local interconnect structure and at a same interconnect level as the first and second interconnect structures.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing pure dicalcium phosphate ceramics or dicalcium phosphate/hydroxyapaite (HA) biphasic ceramics for medical applications in hard tissue areas to be used as implant materials. These ceramic implant materials are in granular form or in block form, and are prepared by using an acidic phosphate compound, a basic calcium phosphate compound comprising HA, and water. The dicalcium phosphate ceramic comprises either dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, DCPD) or dicalcium anhydrous (CaHPO4, DCPA). Wherein, when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in an amount stoichiometrically equal to or in excess relative to the basic calcium phosphate compound, a reaction product is the DCPD or DCPA ceramic; when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in the amount stoichiometrically less than the basic calcium phosphate compound, the reaction product is the DCPD/HA or DCPA/HA biphasic ceramic.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a surgical cement and a manufacturing method thereof. The surgical cement comprises a cementing component selected form the group of a basic calcium phosphate consisting of tetracalcium phosphate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, decomposed hydroxyapatite, or a combination thereof; a setting reagent selected form the group of an acidic calcium citrate consisting of monocalcium citrate, dicalcium citrate, or a combination thereof; and water; wherein a weight ratio of the cementing component and the setting reagent ranges from about 1:1 to about 8:1. The surgical cement is bioresorbable and bioactive and is useful in orthopedic, maxillofacial and dental applications. In addition, the surgical cement of this invention has a good flow character and a relatively short setting time.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of manufacturing pure dicalcium phosphate ceramics or dicalcium phosphate/hydroxyapaite (HA) biphasic ceramics for medical applications in hard tissue areas to be used as implant materials. These ceramic implant materials are in granular form or in block form, and are prepared by using an acidic phosphate compound, a basic calcium phosphate compound comprising HA, and water. The dicalcium phosphate ceramic comprises either dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, DCPD) or dicalcium anhydrous (CaHPO4, DCPA). Wherein, when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in an amount stoichiometrically equal to or in excess relative to the basic calcium phosphate compound, a reaction product is the DCPD or DCPA ceramic; when the acidic phosphate compound is provided in the amount stoichiometrically less than the basic calcium phosphate compound, the reaction product is the DCPD/HA or DCPA/HA biphasic ceramic.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a surgical cement and a manufacturing method thereof. The surgical cement comprises a cementing component selected form the group of a basic calcium phosphate consisting of tetracalcium phosphate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, decomposed hydroxyapatite, or a combination thereof; a setting reagent selected form the group of an acidic calcium citrate consisting of monocalcium citrate, dicalcium citrate, or a combination thereof; and water; wherein a weight ratio of the cementing component and the setting reagent ranges from about 1:1 to about 8:1. The surgical cement is bioresorbable and bioactive and is useful in orthopedic, maxillofacial and dental applications. In addition, the surgical cement of this invention has a good flow character and a relatively short setting time.