Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reducing smart contract fees for a decentralized application (DApp). A parameter of a request reception event and a public key of a user are stored in a task queue of a computation server. The computation server performs a task requested by the user, calls a state change function for the performed task from a smart contract, and transmits a transaction result to the user when the transaction result is returned. The user pays, to the smart contract, a fee corresponding to the generation of the request reception event, and the computation server pays, to the smart contract, a fee corresponding to a state change of the smart contract. Thus, by minimizing and uniformizing a fee to be paid by a user of a DApp system, it is possible to increase accessibility to a corresponding DApp.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for trading private information access rights based on a distributed ledger, performed by a distributed network system including a plurality of distributed servers to perform authentication and store a token, the method including giving rights to use the token to a buyer terminal by performing authentication upon receiving a token trade request, permitting a service application server to use the token by performing authentication upon receiving a token usage request, providing, by the service application server, a predefined service by using the token and broadcasting usage detail of the token to the distributed network system, and updating, by the distributed server, the usage detail of the token.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reducing smart contract fees for a decentralized application (DApp). A parameter of a request reception event and a public key of a user are stored in a task queue of a computation server. The computation server performs a task requested by the user, calls a state change function for the performed task from a smart contract, and transmits a transaction result to the user when the transaction result is returned. The user pays, to the smart contract, a fee corresponding to the generation of the request reception event, and the computation server pays, to the smart contract, a fee corresponding to a state change of the smart contract. Thus, by minimizing and uniformizing a fee to be paid by a user of a DApp system, it is possible to increase accessibility to a corresponding DApp.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a block cipher apparatus and method for real-time data transmission and the block cipher apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a block encryption unit which selects a key in accordance with an order of keys having different lengths to encrypt each plaintext block and generate a ciphertext block; and a message authentication unit which generates a message authentication code using a key selected at the time of encrypting a current plaintext block which is encrypted in the block encryption unit and a previous message authentication code generated by a plaintext block before the current plaintext block.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for trading private information access rights based on a distributed ledger, performed by a distributed network system including a plurality of distributed servers to perform authentication and store a token, the method including giving rights to use the token to a buyer terminal by performing authentication upon receiving a token trade request, permitting a service application server to use the token by performing authentication upon receiving a token usage request, providing, by the service application server, a predefined service by using the token and broadcasting usage detail of the token to the distributed network system, and updating, by the distributed server, the usage detail of the token.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a block cipher apparatus and method for real-time data transmission and the block cipher apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a block encryption unit which selects a key in accordance with an order of keys having different lengths to encrypt each plaintext block and generate a ciphertext block; and a message authentication unit which generates a message authentication code using a key selected at the time of encrypting a current plaintext block which is encrypted in the block encryption unit and a previous message authentication code generated by a plaintext block before the current plaintext block.

Abstract: Provided is a channel communication quality estimating method of a wireless communication technology. A method for estimating a channel communication quality of a second wireless communication technology whose frequency band entirely or partially overlaps a frequency band of a first wireless communication technology includes: transmitting predetermined data to an external device through each of a plurality of first channels which forms a frequency band of the first wireless communication technology; generating a channel map which represents a communication quality for each of the plurality of first channels based on a data transmission result through each of the plurality of first channels; and calculating a communication quality index for each of a plurality of second channels which forms a frequency band of the second wireless communication technology, based on the channel map.

Abstract: A method and an electronic device for controlling a topology are provided. The method includes forming a star topology by directly connecting the electronic device to at least one node, and transmitting and receiving signals with neighboring nodes including the at least one node and determining whether to form the star topology or an extended star topology with the neighboring nodes based on a result of the transmitting and receiving, wherein the star topology is a topology in which the electronic device is directly connected to the neighboring nodes, and wherein the extended star topology is a topology in which the electronic device is directly connected to the neighboring nodes via an already connected node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for selecting power preference information based on network usage information used for a background process of a terminal. The power preference information selection method of the present disclosure includes measuring background network usage of a terminal, acquiring network usage information of the terminal when the background network usage exceeds a predetermined threshold, selecting the power preference information based on the network usage information, and transmitting the power preference information to the base station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a terminal effectively allocating communication resources to individual processes run by the user. The terminal may update a list of running processes based on information for one or more processes, determining the amount of resources for each process in the list according to priority information of the process related information, and allocating resources to at least one process in the list according to the determined resource amounts. Accordingly, the terminal can adjust throughputs of individual processes to support quality of communication of a process having high priority. This disclosure relates to communication methods and systems that achieve convergence of 5G communication systems supporting even higher data rates after 4G systems and IoT technologies.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus to detect congestion of a network using a receiver of a communication system. The apparatus includes a transport layer information extraction unit configured to extract transmission control protocol frame information from information that is received from a lower layer. The apparatus also includes a congestion information filtering unit configured to identify and output a packet to determine congestion in the transmission control protocol frame information. The apparatus further includes a congestion detection unit configured to determine whether the network is congested using the packet to determine congestion. The apparatus includes a congestion information output unit configured to, upon detecting congestion in the network, deliver information indicating the detection of the congestion in the network to an operating system or other applications.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting network congestion based on a destination node are provided. To elaborate, the apparatus may include: a physical information extraction unit that extracts physical information of an electrical signal received through an antenna of the destination node; a MAC information extraction unit that extracts a size of a MAC frame payload from a MAC frame on the basis of the extracted physical information; a TCP information extraction unit that extracts a size of service data included in the MAC frame payload; a data size comparison unit that compares the size of the MAC frame payload with the size of the service data and generates comparison result data; and a congestion detection unit that receives the comparison result data, compares the comparison result data with a predetermined threshold value, and determines presence or absence of network congestion.

Abstract: Provided is a channel communication quality estimating method of a wireless communication technology. A method for estimating a channel communication quality of a second wireless communication technology whose frequency band entirely or partially overlaps a frequency band of a first wireless communication technology includes: transmitting predetermined data to an external device through each of a plurality of first channels which forms a frequency band of the first wireless communication technology; generating a channel map which represents a communication quality for each of the plurality of first channels based on a data transmission result through each of the plurality of first channels; and calculating a communication quality index for each of a plurality of second channels which forms a frequency band of the second wireless communication technology, based on the channel map.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for connecting to an Access Point (AP) based on beacon information in a wireless communication system. To this end, a wireless device predicts an interference condition from each of a plurality of APs based on information acquired by a received beacon, selects one of the plurality of APs, taking the predicted interference condition into account, and attempts connection to the selected AP.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for selecting power preference information based on network usage information used for a background process of a terminal. The power preference information selection method of the present disclosure includes measuring background network usage of a terminal, acquiring network usage information of the terminal when the background network usage exceeds a predetermined threshold, selecting the power preference information based on the network usage information, and transmitting the power preference information to the base station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a terminal effectively allocating communication resources to individual processes run by the user. The terminal may update a list of running processes based on information for one or more processes, determining the amount of resources for each process in the list according to priority information of the process related information, and allocating resources to at least one process in the list according to the determined resource amounts. Accordingly, the terminal can adjust throughputs of individual processes to support quality of communication of a process having high priority. This disclosure relates to communication methods and systems that achieve convergence of 5G communication systems supporting even higher data rates after 4G systems and IoT technologies.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for detecting network congestion based on a destination node are provided. To elaborate, the apparatus may include: a physical information extraction unit that extracts physical information of an electrical signal received through an antenna of the destination node; a MAC information extraction unit that extracts a size of a MAC frame payload from a MAC frame on the basis of the extracted physical information; a TCP information extraction unit that extracts a size of service data included in the MAC frame payload; a data size comparison unit that compares the size of the MAC frame payload with the size of the service data and generates comparison result data; and a congestion detection unit that receives the comparison result data, compares the comparison result data with a predetermined threshold value, and determines presence or absence of network congestion.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus and method and an image decoding apparatus and method are disclosed. The image encoding method may include extracting a ROI from an input image, determining a compression rate of a remaining region excluding the ROI of the image based on a network state between the image transmitting apparatus and the image receiving apparatus, and encoding the remaining region based on the compression rate.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for connecting to an Access Point (AP) based on beacon information in a wireless communication system. To this end, a wireless device predicts an interference condition from each of a plurality of APs based on information acquired by a received beacon, selects one of the plurality of APs, taking the predicted interference condition into account, and attempts connection to the selected AP.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus to detect congestion of a network using a receiver of a communication system. The apparatus includes a transport layer information extraction unit configured to extract transmission control protocol frame information from information that is received from a lower layer. The apparatus also includes a congestion information filtering unit configured to identify and output a packet to determine congestion in the transmission control protocol frame information. The apparatus further includes a congestion detection unit configured to determine whether the network is congested using the packet to determine congestion. The apparatus includes a congestion information output unit configured to, upon detecting congestion in the network, deliver information indicating the detection of the congestion in the network to an operating system or other applications.