Abstract: The present disclosure provides a display device that includes an insulating layer disposed on a substrate. The display device further includes a plurality of first electrodes and contact electrodes disposed on the insulating layer. The display device further includes a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the plurality of first electrodes. The display device further includes a second electrode disposed on the plurality of light-emitting elements. The display device further includes a passivation layer covering the first electrode. The display device further includes a first opening hole at the passivation layer. The first opening hole extends through the passivation layer. The passivation layer has a first opening hole exposing a portion of an upper surface of the first electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device. The display device includes a display panel on which a plurality of sub-pixels and lines connected to the sub-pixels and a driving circuit configured to drive the sub-pixels. The display panel further includes a plurality of protruded bank patterns disposed in the sub-pixels, and a light emitting element disposed in each of the bank patterns. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a reflector that covers side surfaces of the light emitting layer and at least a portion of side surfaces of the first electrode. The reflector includes a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and a metal layer disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present specification discloses a display device including a display panel including a display area and a non-display area adjacent to the display area and a metal dam disposed in the non-display area to surround at least three surfaces of the display panel. The display panel includes a substrate, a pixel driving circuit disposed on the substrate, and a light emitting element driven by the pixel driving circuit, the metal dam may be spaced a selected distance from an edge of the display panel, the metal dam may be formed of a plurality of metal layers connected through at least one hole, and the metal dam may include a first metal dam, a second metal dam, and a third metal dam that are disposed in the non-display area while surrounding at least three surfaces of the display area.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment is disclosed. A display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes a substrate having a bending region between an active area and a pad area. The display apparatus includes a planarization film on the active area and the pad area in the substrate. The display apparatus includes a first organic film coated on the planarization film, a second organic film coated on the first organic film, and a third organic film coated on the second organic film. The third organic film is formed such that an upper surface thereof is flattened in the active region. The display apparatus includes a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the third organic film.

Abstract: A mother substrate for a display panel and a display panel using the same are disclosed. A mother substrate for a display panel includes a conductive ring disposed in a non-display area outside the display area and surrounding each of the display areas, and one or more dummy pixel driving circuits disposed in a non-display area outside the display area. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) prevention structure inside the dummy pixel driving circuit can prevent defects of display panels due to ESD occurring in the manufacturing process of the display panel.

Abstract: A display device includes a bank pattern disposed on a substrate, a first electrode pattern disposed on the bank pattern, a light-emitting element disposed on the first electrode pattern to be electrically connected to the first electrode pattern, a second electrode pattern configured to cover the light-emitting element, an inorganic insulating layer configured to cover the bank pattern, the first electrode pattern, and the light-emitting element between the first electrode pattern and the second electrode pattern, and a diffusion layer which includes a plurality of diffusion particles and is in contact with the inorganic insulating layer.

Abstract: A display panel and a display apparatus including the display panel are presented herein. A display panel according to one or more embodiments includes a substrate; an insulating layer on the substrate; a bank pattern on the insulating layer; a first electrode on the bank pattern; a contact electrode on the insulating layer, the contact electrode spaced apart from the bank pattern; a light-emitting element on the first electrode; a first optical layer surrounding the light-emitting element, the first optical layer comprising an organic insulating material including metal particles; a second optical layer on the contact electrode; and a third optical layer on the first optical layer.

Abstract: A mother substrate for a display panel and a display panel using the same are disclosed. The mother substrate comprises a plurality of display area including a plurality of light-emitting areas configured to receive light-emitting elements, a plurality of wirings, and a plurality of pads connected to the plurality of wirings; a conductive ring in a non-display area that surrounds the display area such that each of the display areas is surrounded by the conductive ring and electrically connected to the pads; a photoresist pattern covering the plurality of display areas and the non-display area; and a first metal layer covering the photoresist pattern. The conductive ring includes an electrostatic blocking area.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a plurality of pixels in a display area and a pixel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, a plurality of first electrodes that extend in a first direction and are between the sub-pixels, a connection electrode between the plurality of first electrodes and configured to transmit a voltage, and a second electrode connected to the connection electrode and configured to apply the voltage to the plurality of sub-pixels.

Abstract: A method of managing mobile station operational parameters is disclosed in which a mutual authentication between a mobile station and a network is performed. The present method allows a mutual authentication while maintaining the updating procedure of the mobile station operational parameters in the conventional procedure.

Abstract: A method of managing mobile station operational parameters is disclosed in which a mutual authentication between a mobile station and a network is performed. The present method allows a mutual authentication while maintaining the updating procedure of the mobile station operational parameters in the conventional procedure.

Abstract: A method of managing mobile station operational parameters is disclosed in which a mutual authentication between a mobile station and a network is performed. The present method allows a mutual authentication while maintaining the updating procedure of the mobile station operational parameters in the conventional procedure.

Abstract: A method of managing overload of messages in communication systems comprising: classifying application processes according to use/non-use of messages and scales and types of overload and constructing a database based upon a result of classification; periodically checking message queues of said application processes to identify states of the message queues; and when the state of one of said message queues is an advanced overload state, analyzing a scale and type of relevant overload using said database and processing the overload analyzed.