Abstract: A display apparatus includes plural pixels, a scan driver, a data driver, and a read-out circuit that reads out an electrical characteristic of each of the pixels. Each of the pixels includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a fourth transistor including a first electrode connected with a power node, a second electrode connected with a first node, and a gate connected with a first emission control line, a fifth transistor including a first electrode connected with a third node, a second electrode, and a gate connected with a second emission control line, a sixth transistor including a first electrode connected with a read-out line, a second electrode connected with the third node, and a gate connected a the read-out/initialization control line, a capacitor connected between the first node and the second node, and an organic light-emitting diode.

Abstract: A system for verifying memory-read capabilities includes a memory device, having a memory cell array that is encoded with verification information, and a memory-read controller, coupled to the memory device and configured to execute stored process steps. The verification information includes first bit values encoded in a first row of the memory cell array and second bit values encoded in a second row of the memory cell array. Each of the second bit values on a same bit line as a corresponding one of the first bit values has an inverse value as the corresponding one of the first bit values. The stored process steps include steps to: read the verification information from the memory device; determine, by comparison to a pre-stored bit string, whether the first bit values and the second bit values are correct; and in response to an affirmative determination, initiate normal data-read operations.

Abstract: A system for verifying memory-read capabilities includes a memory device, having a memory cell array that is encoded with verification information, and a memory-read controller, coupled to the memory device and configured to execute stored process steps. The verification information includes first bit values encoded in a first row of the memory cell array and second bit values encoded in a second row of the memory cell array. Each of the second bit values on a same bit line as a corresponding one of the first bit values has an inverse value as the corresponding one of the first bit values. The stored process steps include steps to: read the verification information from the memory device; determine, by comparison to a pre-stored bit string, whether the first bit values and the second bit values are correct; and in response to an affirmative determination, initiate normal data-read operations.