Abstract: A capability to automatically generate a two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5D) model from a three-dimensional (3D) model comprising a mesh of polygons representing a plurality of objects in a three-dimensional environment is provided. Such a two-and-a-half-dimensional model includes a set of extruded polygons (e.g., right prisms), each of which can have multiple shells (e.g., outer loops) and holes (e.g., inner loops). Such a group of shells and holes defines a volume in space according to its position relative to a reference plane. Namely, the volume is defined by a base height from which extrusion begins and an extrusion distance. This capability can be applied to any 3D model, including but not limited to, 3D building models.

Abstract: Systems and methods for block based level of detail representation are described herein. A method embodiment includes extracting one or more 3D models from 3D data, grouping the 3D models based on one or more attributes of the 3D models, distributing the grouped 3D models to a plurality of resolution levels of a geospatial data structure, and merging the grouped 3D models as a combined 3D model. A system embodiment includes a prepossessing system configured to extract one or more 3D models from 3D data and a block level of detail (LOD) creator configured to group the 3D models based on one or more attributes of the 3D models, and to render the grouped 3D models as a combined 3D model.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to carving three dimensional models of buildings out of larger models of city blocks to make way for more detailed models. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a computer-implemented method for carving a building from a first three-dimensional model is described. The first three-dimensional model may represent a city block. The three-dimensional model may include a plurality of polygons which represent one or more buildings in a three-dimensional environment. One or more polygons are identified as a portion of a roof, and roof portions that are not discontinuous are combined in roof meshes. Based on a roof mesh, a three-dimensional volume portion of a three-dimensional model is determined, which may represent a first building. The first building representation may then be carved from the three-dimensional model.

Abstract: A proxy based approach for generation of level of detail. In an embodiment, the present invention generates level of detail using a proxy based approach by (1) receiving a three dimensional polygon mesh with textures; (2) extracting a set of masking primitives above a first threshold from the three dimensional polygon mesh; (3) calculating a set of proxy planes, where the calculation includes associating each proxy plane with at least one of the masking primitives; and (4) optimizing the set of proxy planes.

Abstract: A method of forming a hybrid mesh representation of an object surface is provided, along with the hybrid mesh representation and data structures corresponding to various polygons in the hybrid mesh representation. The hybrid mesh representation comprises a base mesh and one or more higher level meshes. At least one of the higher level meshes representing a patch is an irregular mesh. The method of forming the hybrid mesh representation comprises the steps of forming a base mesh, and then forming one or more higher level meshes from the base mesh through one or more regular refinement operations in combination with at least one irregular operation.

Abstract: A special set of normal meshes is defined where errors and residuals will also be along a direction that minimizes the error in coding. These normal meshes can be used to model a three dimensional surface.

Abstract: A method of forming a hybrid mesh representation of an object surface is provided, along with the hybrid mesh representation and data structures corresponding to various polygons in the hybrid mesh representation. The hybrid mesh representation comprises a base mesh and one or more higher level meshes. At least one of the higher level meshes representing a patch is an irregular mesh. The method of forming the hybrid mesh representation comprises the steps of forming a base mesh, and then forming one or more higher level meshes from the base mesh through one or more regular refinement operations in combination with at least one irregular operation.

Abstract: The device for establishing anastomoses comprises a hollow housing (1), telescopically interconnected an outer sleeve (2) and an inner sleeve (3), both of said sleeves communicating with the hollow housing (1) through respective openings (4, 5) in their bottoms, an elastic ring (6) situated on the portion of the outside surface of the inner sleeve (3) that extends from the outer sleeve 2, a first bushing (7) having two annular grooves (11, 12) for anastomosis formation and adapted for one organ (9) being anastomosed to be fixed on said bushing, a second bushing (8) having an annular groove (13) for securing there on the other organ (10) being anastomosed, and a probe (14) passing through the interior spaces of the bushings (7, 8), the sleeves (2, 3) and the housing (1) and having a shoulder (16) for the first bushing (7) to rest upon.

Abstract: A surgical suturing instrument for establishing circular compression anastomoses in the organs of the digestive tract comprises a rod (2) accommodated in a hollow body (1) coaxially therewith and having a stationary fixed connecting ring (13), a hollow cylindrical knife (3) made fast of a hollow tube (4) which is accommodated in the hollow body coaxially therewith the rod (2) passing inside the hollow tube, a needle arrangement (5) accommodated in the hollow body and having a first ring-shaped element (6) provided with a plurality of holes (8), and a second ring-shaped element (7) coaxial with the first one and carrying a plurality of needles (9) held thereto and adapted to pass through the connecting ring (13) in the course of anastomosing. The ring-shaped element (7) rests upon a pusher (19) having a hollow chamfer (20) and a stop (21) which is adapted to interact with a stop (22) of the hollow body (1).

Abstract: The surgical instrument of the present invention is for establishing circular anastomoses between various segments of the colon.The surgical instrument comprises a cylindrical body having a mandrel 2 at one of its ends and accommodating a coaxially arranged rod 3 carrying a circular knife 4 locked in place thereon and provided with a mechanism for its longitudinal traversing, and a stem 6 carrying a thrust head 7 axially traversable with respect to the rod 3, and a circular anastomosing mechanism 8, which is made up of two members. One of the members of said mechanism is located on the mandrel 2 and carries a number of suturing elements adapted to interact with the rod 3 so as to travel together with the latter when establishing circular anastomoses, while the other member is situated on the thrust head 7. The member of the circular anastomosing mechanism 8 that is located on the mandrel 2 comprises two rings 9 and 10 spaced somewhat apart from each other.

Abstract: Described herein is an instrument, comprising a staple body and a supporting body hingedly connected thereto, both having longitudinal jaws. The staple body has staple magazines and a staple ejector. The supporting body has a die for bending the staples when suturing. A recess is provided at the base of one of the jaws on the side facing the hinge joint interconnecting the instrument bodies, the recess defining a free space between the jaws when they are brought together. The jaws are adapted to have springy elastic spacers mounted and held thereon with a possibility of subsequent releasing therefrom, said spacers being arranged on the side facing the inner compressing surfaces of the jaws so as to be stitched up together with the organs being sutured.The instrument disclosed in the present invention is successfully applied for establishing lateral anastomoses and interintestinal compression anastomoses, as well as for stitching up the mesentery.